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Med Term > cardiovscular system > Flashcards

cardiovscular system Flashcards

1
Q

Heart
Card/o, cardi/o

A

receives blood from the veins and
pumps blood into the arteries

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2
Q

Blood Vessels
angi/o, vas/o

A

Transport blood to and
from all areas of the body

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3
Q

Arteries
arteri/o

A

Transport blood AWAY FROM the heart to all parts of the body

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4
Q

Capillaries
capill/o

A

Permit the exchange of nutrients
and waste products between the blood
and the cells

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5
Q

veins
phleb/o, ven/o

A

RETURN blood from all body parts to the heart

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6
Q

Blood
hem/o, hemat/o

A

BRINGS oxygen and nutrients to the cells
and carries away waste

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7
Q

angi/o

A

blood or lymph vessel

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8
Q

aort/o

A

aorta

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9
Q

arteri/o

A

artery

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10
Q

ather/o

A

plaque, fatty substance

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11
Q

brady-

A

slow

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12
Q

cardi/o

A

heart

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13
Q

-crasia

A

a mixture or blending

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14
Q

-emia

A

blood, blood condition

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15
Q

erythr/o

A

red

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16
Q

hem/o, hemat/o

A

blood, relating to the blood

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17
Q

leuk/o

A

white

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18
Q

phleb/o

A

vein

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19
Q

tachy-

A

fast, rapid

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20
Q

thromb/o

A

clot

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21
Q

ven/o

A

vein

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22
Q

ACE inhibitor

A

Blocks the action of the enzyme that causes the blood vessels to contract, resulting in hypertension

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23
Q

anemia

A

a lower than normal number of erythrocytes(red blood cells) in the blood

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24
Q

aneurysm

A

a localized weak spot or balloon-like enlargement of the wall of an artery

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25
Q

angina

A

a condition of episodes of severe chest pain due to inadequate blood flow to the myocardium

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26
Q

angioplasty

A

the technique of mechanically widening a narrowed or obstructed blood vessel

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27
Q

anticoagulant

A

medication that slows coagulation and prevents new clots from forming

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28
Q

aplastic anemia

A

a condition characterized by the absence of all formed blood elements caused by the failure of blood cell production in the bone marrow

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29
Q

arrhythmia

A

the loss of the normal rythm of the heartbeat

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30
Q

artherectomy

A

surgical removeal of plaque buildup from the interior lining of an artery

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31
Q

atheroma

A

a deposit of plaque on or within the arterial wall

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32
Q

atherosclerosis

A

hardening and narrowing of the arteries due to a buildup of cholesterol plaque on the interior walls of the arteries

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33
Q

atrial fibrillation

A

when the normal rhythmic contractions of the atria are replaced by rapid, uncontrolled twitching of the muscular heart wall

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34
Q

automated external defibrillator

A

electronic equipment that automatically samples the heart’s electrical rhythms and when necessary, externally shocks the heart to restore a normal cardiac rythm

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35
Q

beta-blocker

A

a medication that reduces the workload of the heart by slowing the rate of the heartbeat

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36
Q

blood dyscrasia

A

any pathologic condition of the cellular elements of the blood

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37
Q

bradycardia

A

an abnormally slow resting heart rate

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38
Q

cardia arrest

A

an event in which the heart abruptly stops beatinf or develops an arrythmia that prevents it from pumping blood effectively

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39
Q

cardiac catheterization

A

a diagnostic and treatment procedure in which a catheter is passed into a vein or an artery and is guided into the heart

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40
Q

cardiomyopathy

A

the term used to describe all diseases of the heart muscle

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41
Q

carotid endarterectomy

A

surgical removal of the lining of a portion of clogged carotid artery leading to the brain

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42
Q

cholesterol

A

a fatty substance that travels through the blood and is found in all parts of the body

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43
Q

chronic venous insufficiency

A

a condition in which venous circulation is inadequate due to partial vein blockage or leakage of venous valves

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44
Q

coronary artery disease

A

atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries that reduces blood supply to the heart muscle

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45
Q

coronary thrombosis

A

damage to the heart muscle caused by a thrombus blocking a coronary artery

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46
Q

defibrillation

A

the use fo electrical shock to restore the hearts normal rythm; also known as cardioversion

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47
Q

diuretic

A

medication administered to stimulate the kidneys to increase the secretion of urine to rid the body of excess sodium and water

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48
Q

electrocardiogram

A

a record of the electrical activity of the myocardium

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49
Q

embolism

A

the sudden blockage of a blood vessel by an embolus

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50
Q

embolus

A

a foreign object, such as a blood clot, quantity of air or gas, or a bit of tissue or tumor, that is circulating in the blood

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51
Q

endocarditis

A

inflammation of the inner lining of the heart

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52
Q

erythrocytes

A

mature red blood cells produced by the red bone marrow

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53
Q

hemoglobin

A

the oxygen-carrying blood protein pigment of the erythocytes

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54
Q

gemolytic anemia

A

a condition of an inadequate number of circulating red blood cells due to the premature destruction of these cells by the spleen

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55
Q

hemostasis

A

to stop or control bleeding

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56
Q

leukemia

A

a type of cancer characterized by a progressive increase in the number of abnormal leukocytes (white blood cells) found in blood-forming tissues, other organs, and in the circulating blood

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57
Q

leukocytes

A

white blood cells that are involved in defending the body against infective organisms and foreign substances

58
Q

leukopenia

A

a decrease in the number of disease-fighting white blood cells circulating in the blood

59
Q

megaloblastic anemia

A

a blood disorder characterized by anemia in which red blood cells are larger than normal

60
Q

myelodysplastic syndrome

A

a type of cancer in which there is insufficient production of one or more types of blood cells due to dysfunction of the bone marrow

61
Q

myocardial infarction

A

the occlusion (blockage) of one or more coronary arteries caused by plaque buildup; commonly known as a heart attack

62
Q

orthostatic hypotension

A

low blood pressure that occurs upon standing up; also known as postural hypotension

63
Q

pericardium

A

the double-walled membranous sac that encloses the heart

64
Q

pernicious anemia

A

a form of anemia caused by a lack of the protein that helps the body absorb vitamin B12, which is necessary for the formation of red blood cells.

65
Q

phlebitis

A

inflammation of a vein

66
Q

raynaud’s disease

A

a peripheral arterial occlusive disease in which intermittent attacks are triggered by cold or stress

67
Q

sepsis

A

a potentially life-threatening infection that results from bacteria or other infectious organisms entering the bloodstream

68
Q

sickel cell anemia

A

a genetic disorder that causes abnormal hemoglobin, resulting in some red blood cells assuming an abnormal sickle shape that interferes with normal blood flow

69
Q

tachycardia

A

an abnormally rapid resting heart rate

70
Q

temporal arteritis

A

a form of vasculitis that can cause headaches visual impairment, jaw pain, and other symptoms

71
Q

thallium stress test

A

a diagnostic test performed to evaluate how well blood flows through the coronary arteries of the heart muscle during exercise

72
Q

thrombocytopenia

A

a condidtion in which there is an abnormally small number of platelets circulating in the blood

73
Q

thrombolytic

A

medication that dissolves or causes a thrombus to break up; also known as a clot-busting drug

74
Q

thrombosis

A

the abnormal condition of having a thrombus

75
Q

thrombotic occlusion

A

the blocking of an artery by a thrombus

76
Q

thrombus

A

a blood clot attached to the interior wall of a vein or an artery

77
Q

transfusion reaction

A

a serious and potentially fatal complication of a blood transfusion in which a severe immune response occurs because the patient’s blood and the donated blood do not match

78
Q

valvulitis

A

inflammation of a heart valve

79
Q

varicose veins

A

abnormally swollen veins, usually occurring in the superficial veins of the legs

80
Q

ventricular fibrillation

A

the rapid irregular, and useless contraction of the ventricles

81
Q

ventricular tachycardia

A

a very rapid heartbeat that begins within the ventricles

82
Q

cardiovascular system

A

consists of the:
heart
blood vessels
and blood

83
Q

apex

A

is the lower tip of the heart

84
Q

pericardium
pericardial sac

A

double-walled membranous sac that encloses the heart
(peri-means surrounding, cardi means heart, and -um is a sigular noun ending)

85
Q

visceral pericardium

A

is the inner layer of the pericardium that also forms the outer layer of the heart. When referred to as the outer layer of the heart, it is known as the epicarduium

86
Q

pericardial fluid

A

found between these two layers(parietal pericardium and the visceral pericardium), where it acts as a lubrican to prevent friction as the heart beats

87
Q

Wall of the heart

A

epicardium
myocardium
endocardium

88
Q

epicardium

A

is the external layer of the heart and inner layer of the pericardium

89
Q

myocardium

A

is the middle and thickest of the heart’s three layers. also known as myocardial muscle, this consists of specialezed cardiac muscle tissue capable of constant contractioon and relaxation that creates the pumping movement necessary to maintain flow of blood throughout the body

90
Q

endocardium

A

consists of pithelial tissue, is the inner lining of the heart. this is the surface that comes into direct contact with the blood as it is being pumped through the heart

91
Q

chambers of the heart

A

atria (singular form is atrium)
ventricles

92
Q

atria

A

two upper chambers of the heart, divided by the interatrial septum(wall that separates two chanbers) Are the receiving chambers, all blood enters the heart through these chambers

93
Q

ventricles

A

two lower chambers of the heart, divided by the interventricular septum
Walls are thicker because they pump blood throughout the entire body

94
Q

Four Heart Valves

A

tricuspid
pulmonary semilunar valve
mitral valve
aortic semilunar valve

95
Q

tricuspid valve

A

controls the opening between the right atrium and the right ventricle.
means having three points, and describes the shape of this valve

96
Q

pulmonary semilunar valve

A

located between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery
means pertaining to the lungs and half-moon, this valve is shaped like a half-moon

97
Q

mitral valve

A

located between the left atrium and left ventricle
means shaped like a bishop’s mitre(hat)’this valve is also known as the bicuspid valve because it has two cusps(points) which describes the shape of this valve

98
Q

aortic semilunar valve

A

is located between the left ventricle and the aorta.
meaning half-moon which describes the shape of this valve

99
Q

Oxygenated

A

oxygen rich or containing an adequate supply of oxygen

100
Q

deoxygenated

A

oxygen poor or not yet containing an adequate supply of oxygen

101
Q

pulmonary circulation

A

flow of blood only between the heart and lungs

102
Q

pulmonary arteries

A

carry deozygenated blood out of the right ventricle and into the lungs
ONLY place in the body where deoxygenated blood is carried by arteries instead of veins

103
Q

pulmonary veins

A

carry oxygnated blood from lungs to the left atrium of the heart
ONLY place in the body where veins carry oxygenated blood

104
Q

systemic circulation

A

flow of blood to all parts of the body except the lungs

105
Q

heartbeat

A

ability to pump blood effectively throughout the body

106
Q

electrical umpulses

A

nerves that stimulate the myocardium of the chambers of the heart

107
Q

conduction system

A

electrical umpulses controlled by the sinoatrial (SA) node,
atrioventricular (AV) node
and the budle of His

108
Q

Sinoatrial node

A

SA node
located in the posteriour wall of right atrium near superiour vena cava
establises basic rythm and rate of hearbeat (natural pacemaker)
starts each wave of muscle contraction in the heart
impulse in the right atrium spreads over the muscles of both atria, causing them to contract simultaneously, forcing blood into the ventricles

109
Q

atrioventricular node

A

AV node
located on the floor of the right atrium jnear the interial septum
transmits the electical impulses onward to the bundle of His

110
Q

Bundle of His

A

is a group of fibers located within the interventricular septum
carry an electical impulse to ensure sequence of the heart contractions
travel onward to the right and left ventricles and the purkinje fibers

111
Q

Purkinje fibers

A

specialezed conductive fibers located within the walls of the ventricles
named for Jan Purkyne
relay the electrical impulses to the cells of the ventricles and this stimulation causes the ventricles to contract forcing blood out of the heart into the aorta and pulmonary arteries

112
Q

sinus rhythm

A

refers to the normal beating of the heart

113
Q

P wave

A

contraction of the atria

114
Q

qrs complex

A

contraction of the ventricles

115
Q

T wave

A

relaxation of the ventricles

116
Q

arteries

A

large blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart

117
Q

endarterial

A

means within an artery or pertaining to the inner portion of an artery

118
Q

arterial blood

A

bright red in color because it is ozygen rich

119
Q

aorta

A

largest blood vessel in the body

120
Q

carotid arteries

A

major arteries thta carry blood upward to the head

121
Q

common carotid artery

A

located on each side of the neck

122
Q

internal carotid artery

A

brings oxygen-rich blood to the brain

123
Q

external carotid artery

A

brings blood to the face

124
Q

arterioles

A

smaller, thinner branches that deliver blood to the capillaries

125
Q

capillaries

A

one epithelia cell in thickness
smallest blood vessels in the body
important role of delivering oxygen and nutrients to the cells of tissues

126
Q

venules

A

smallest veins that join to form larger veins

127
Q

venous

A

means relating to or contained in the veins

128
Q

superficial veins

A

are located near the body surface

129
Q

deep veins

A

are located within the tissues and away from the body surface

130
Q

venae cavae

A

are the two largest veins in the body
return blood into the heart

131
Q

superior vena cava

A

transports blood from the upper portion of the body to the heart

132
Q

inferior vena cava

A

transports blood from the lower portion of the body to the heart

133
Q

Pulse

A

the rhythmic pressure against the walls of an artery caused by the contraction of the heart

134
Q

blood pressure

A

measurement of the amount of systolic and diastolic pressure exerted against the walls of the arteries.

135
Q

systolic pressure

A

occurs when the ventricles contract, highest pressure against the walls of an artery

136
Q

diastolic pressure

A

which occurs when the ventricles are relaxed is the lowest pressure against the walls of an artery

137
Q

plasma

A

straw-colored fluid containing nutrients, hormones and waste products
91% water
9% proteins including clotting proteins

138
Q

serum

A

plasma fluid after the blood cells and clotting proteins have been removed

139
Q

fibrinogen and prothrombin

A

clotting proteins found in plasma
control bleeding

140
Q

Blood Types

A

A, AB, B and O

141
Q

Blood Gases

A

oxygen, cargon dioxide, nitrogen

Med Term (22 decks)

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