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ANPATH1 > ENDOCRINE SYSTEM > Flashcards

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

2nd great controlling system in the body

A

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

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2
Q

Secreted by the anterior and posterior pituitary gland, the pancreas, the parathyroid gland

A

PROTEINS AND POLYPEPTIDES

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3
Q

secreted by the adrenal cortex, ovaries, testes, and placenta

A

STEROIDS

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4
Q

secreted by the thyroid and adrenal medullae

A

DERIVATIVES OF THE AMINO ACID TYROSINE

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5
Q

gland responsible for the control of emotional and motivational drive

A

HYPOTHALAMUS

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6
Q

gland that regulates temperature, control the body weight, drive to eat and drink, emotions.

A

HYPOTHALAMUS

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7
Q

hormone of the hypothalamus that stimulates secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone and prolactin

A

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone

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8
Q

hormone of the hypothalamus that causes release of adrenocorticotropic hormone

A

Corticotropin-releasing hormone

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9
Q

hormone of the hypothalamus that causes release of growth hormone

A

Growth hormone–releasing hormone

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10
Q

hormone of the hypothalamus that inhibits release of growth hormone

A

Growth hormone inhibitory hormone (somatostatin)

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11
Q

hormone of the hypothalamus that causes release of luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone

A

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone

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12
Q

hormone of the hypothalamus that inhibits release of prolactin

A

prolactin inhibiting factor

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13
Q

a gland that lies in the Sella Turcica (Bony cavitation at the base of the brain and it is connected to hypothalamus by Pituitary (hypophysial) stalk)

A

PITUITARY GLAND/ HYPOPHYSIS

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14
Q

another name for the anterior pituitary

A

Adenohypophysis

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15
Q

another name for the posterior pituitary

A

Neurohypophysis

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16
Q

cell type of the anterior pituitary gland that produces human growth hormone (hGH)

A

Somatotropes

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17
Q

cell type of the anterior pituitary gland that produces adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)

A

Corticotropes

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18
Q

cell type of the anterior pituitary gland that produces thyroid-stimulatinghormone (TSH)

A

Thyrotropes

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19
Q

cell type of the anterior pituitary gland that produces gonadotropic hormones, which include both luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

A

Gonadotropes

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20
Q

cell type of the anterior pituitary gland that produces prolactin (PRL)

A

Lactotropes

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21
Q

hormone in the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates protein synthesis and overall growth of most cells and tissues

A

Growth hormone (Somatotropin)

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22
Q

hormone in the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones (thyroxine/T4 and triiodothyronine/T3) cellular metabolism/activities

A

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

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23
Q

hormone in the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates synthesis and secretion of adrenocortical hormones (cortisol, androgens,and aldosterone) released at the adrenal gland

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

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24
Q

hormone in the anterior pituitary gland that promotes development of the female breasts and secretion of milk

A

Prolactin

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25
Q

hormone in the anterior pituitary gland that causes growth of follicles in the ovaries and sperm maturation in Sertoli cells of testes

A

Follicle-stimulating hormone

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26
Q

hormone in the anterior pituitary gland that-
Males: Stimulates testosterone synthesis in Leydig cells of testes;
Females: stimulates ovulation, formation of corpus luteum, and estrogen and progesterone synthesis in ovaries

A

Luteinizing hormone

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27
Q

hormone in the anterior pituitary gland that increases skin pigmentation

A

MSH – Melanocytestimulating hormone

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28
Q

gland that orginates from the neural tissue outgrowth of the hypothalamus. hormones in this gland are synthesized by the cell bodies in the hypothalamus- magnocellular neurons

A

Posterior Pituitary Gland

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29
Q

hormone in the pituitary gland that increases water reabsorption by the kidneys and causes vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure

A

Antidiuretic hormone (also called vasopressin)

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30
Q

hormone in the pituitary gland that stimulates milk ejection from breasts and uterine contractions; milk ejection via sucking reflex

A

Oxytocin

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31
Q

gland that is located immediately below the larynx on each side and anterior to the trachea; also one of the largest of the endocrine glands, normally weighing 15 to 20 grams in adults

A

Thyroid Gland

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32
Q

hormone in the thyroid gland that increases the rates of chemical reactions in most cells, thus increasing body metabolic rate; produced by follicular cells of the thyroid gland

A

Thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)

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33
Q

hormone in the thyroid gland that is produced by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland, Promotes deposition of calcium in the bones and decreases extracellular fluid calcium ion concentration; inhibits bone resorption, bone building

A

Calcitonin

34
Q

gland that is embedded in the posterior surface of the lateral lobe of the thyroid gland

A

Parathyroid Gland

35
Q

hormone in the parathyroid gland that controls serum calcium ion concentration by increasing calcium absorption by the gut and kidneys and releasing calcium from bones

A

Parathyroid hormone

36
Q

adrenal gland that is the central 20 percent of the gland, is functionally related to the sympathetic nervous system; it secretes the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine

A

adrenal medulla

37
Q

adrenal gland that

A

secretes an entirely different group of hormones

38
Q

hormone in the adrenal cortex, zona glomerulosa layer that increases renal sodium reabsorption, potassium secretion, and hydrogen ion secretion; increase water and electrolyte reabsorption

A

mineralocorticoids (Aldosterone)

39
Q

hormone in the adrenal cortex, zona fasciculata layer that has multiple metabolic functions for controlling metabolism of proteins, cardbohydrates, and fats, also has anti-inflammatory effects; resistance to stress

A

Glucocorticoids (Cortisol)

40
Q

hormone in the adrenal cortex, Zona Reticularis layer that is the secondary sex characteristics of males; stimulate growth of axillary and pubic hair; if more in females they develop male characteristics, clitoris develops similar to penis.

A

Androgen

41
Q

hormone of the adrenal medulla that hase the same effects as sympathetic stimulation (fight or flight)

A

Norepinephrine & epinephrine

42
Q

small endocrine gland that is attached to the roof of the third ventricle of the brain at the midline

A

Pineal Gland

43
Q

hormone in the pineal gland that controls the body’s biological clock

A

Melatonin

44
Q

gland located behind the sternum between the lungs

A

thymus gland

45
Q

hormones in the thymus gland that promote the maturation of T cells ( a type of white blood cell that destroys microbes and foreign substances) and may retard the aging process

A

thymosin, thymic humoral factor (THF), thymic factor (TF), and thymopoietin

46
Q

both an endocrine gland and an exocrine gland; A flattened organ that is located in the curve of the duodenum, the first part of the small intestine, and consists of a head, a body, and a tail

A

Pancreas

47
Q

hormone by the alpha cells in the pancreas that increase blood sugar levels

A

Glucagon

48
Q

hormone by the beta cells in the pancreas that decreases blood glucose levels

A

Insulin

49
Q

hormone by the delta cells in the pancreas that balance/ controls the number of insulin and glucagon; inhibit both insulin and glucagon release from neighboring beta and alpha cells

A

Somatostatin

50
Q

hormone by the F cells in the pancreas that inhibits somatostatin secretion, gallbladder contraction, and secretion of digestive enzymes

A

pancreatic polypeptide

51
Q

hormone in the ovaries that promotes growth and development of female reproductive system, female breasts, and female secondary sexual characteristics

A

Estrogens

52
Q

hormone in the ovaries that stimulates secretion of “uterine milk” by the uterine end ometrial glands and promotes development of secretory apparatus of breasts

A

Progesteron

53
Q

hormone in the ovaries that increases flexibility of pubic symphysis during pregnancy; helps dilate uterine cervix during labor and delivery

A

Relaxin

54
Q

hormone in the ovaries that inhibits secretion of FSH from anterior pituitary

A

Inhibin

55
Q

hormone in the testes that promotes development of male reproductive system and male secondary sexual characteristics

A

Testosterone

56
Q

hormone in the testes that inhibits secretion of FSH from anterior pituitary.

A

Inhibin

57
Q

hormone in the placenta that promotes growth of corpus luteum and secretion of estrogens and progesterone by corpus luteum

A

Human chorionic gonadotropin

58
Q

hormone in the placenta that probably helps promote development of some fetal tissues, as well as the mother’s breasts

A

Human somatomammotropin

59
Q

hormone in the kidney that catalyzes conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I (acts as an enzyme)

A

Renin

60
Q

hormone in the kidney that increases intestinal absorption of calcium and bone mineralization

A

1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol

61
Q

hormone in the kidney that increases erythrocyte production; stimulates production of red blood cells

A

Erythropoietin

62
Q

hormone in the heart that increases sodium excretion by kidneys, reduces blood pressure

A

Atrial natriuretic peptide

63
Q

hormone in the stomach that stimulates hydrogen chloride secretion by parietal cells; Promotes secretion of gastric juice; increases movements of the stomach

A

Gastrin

64
Q

hormone in the stomach that stimulates release of insulin by pancreatic beta cells

A

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP)

65
Q

hormone in the stomach that is the hunger hormone

A

Ghrelin

66
Q

hormone in the small intestine that stimulates pancreatic acinar cells to release bicarbonate and water, stimulates secretion of pancreatic juice and bile

A

Secretin

67
Q

hormone in the small intestine that stimulates gallbladder contraction and release of pancreatic enzymes; Stimulates secretion of pancreatic juice; regulates release of bile from gallbladder; causes feeling of fullness after eating

A

Cholecystokinin

68
Q

known as the master of the pituitary gland

A

HYPOTHALAMUS

69
Q

this hormone promotes growth of body tissues

A

SOMATOTROPINE

70
Q

this hormone stimulates contraction of smooth muscle cells of the uterus during childbirth

A

OXYTOCIN

71
Q

this hormone conserves body water by decreasing urine volume

A

ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE (ADH)

72
Q

low levels of thyroid hormones ___ and ___ stimulates the release of TRH

A

T3 & T4

73
Q

type of diabetes also known as insulin dependent DM

A

TYPE 1

74
Q

type of diabetes also known as insulin resistant

A

TYPE 2

75
Q

type of diabetes most often occurs in obese people or over age 35

A

TYPE 2

76
Q

people younger than age 20 and persists throughout life

A

TYPE 1

77
Q

common medication used for type 2 DM

A

METFORMIN

78
Q

best way to initially test the thyroid function

A

TSH TEST

79
Q

a low TSH with an elevated FT4/FTI is found in individuals who have _______

A

HYPERTHYROIDISM

80
Q

a low TSH and low FT4/FTI

A

HYPOTHYROIDISM

ANPATH1 (12 decks)

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