Endocrine - Quiz

Question 1

The pituitary gland has two major parts: the anterior part called the pars nervosa develops as a downgrowth of the developing brain and is attached in the hypothalamus by the infundibulum. The posterior pituitary includes the large pars distalis, the pars tuberalis that surrounds the infundibulum, and the thin pars intermedia adjacent to the pars nervosa.

Answer 1

both statements are false

Question 2

The adrenal glands are paired organs lying near the inferior poles of the kidneys. They are embedded in the pararenal adipose tissue and fascia.

Answer 2

First statement is false. Second statement is true.

Question 3

The pineal gland is about 7 mm long and weighing less than 0.2 g, it projects from the roof of the third ventricle in front of the midbrain.

Answer 3

Both statements are true.

Question 4

The main protein synthesized in corticotrophs is pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), which is cleaved posttranslationally into the polypeptide hormones adrenocortical trophic hormone (ACTH) and β- lipotropin(β-LPH). Another mechanism controlling activity of anterior pituitary cells is positive feedback by hormones from the target organs on secretion of the relevant hypothalamic factors and on hormone secretion by the relevant pituitary cells.

Answer 4

First statement is true. Second statement is false.

Question 5

Maria is a 12 year old girl who was brought by her parents to their family doctor after they noticed her striking weight loss despite having an increased appetite, and how she gets “very nervous” for no reason. Maria also complained of having trouble staying in enclosed spaces for long periods of time without air conditioning or an electric fan. Upon further assessment, the doctor diagnosed Maria with a certain autoimmune disorder. What disorder does she have?

Answer 5

Graves’ disease

Question 6

Parathyroid glands, except:

Answer 6

are derived from embryonic neural crest cells

Question 7

Like the pancreatic islets, most of these cells are derived from endodermal cells of the embryonic gut or bronchial buds. These secretory cells are considered neuroendocrine because they produce
many of the same polypeptides and neurotransmitter-like molecules, such as serotonin (5- hydroxytryptamine), also released by neurosecretory cells in the CNS.

Answer 7

Both statements are true.

Question 8

Many cells of the DNES are stained by solutions of chromium salts and have therefore been called ________, while those staining with silver nitrate are sometimes called_________.

Answer 8

enterochromaffin cells, argentaffin cells

Question 9

Stimulates growth in epiphyseal plates of long bones via insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) produced in the liver.

Answer 9

Somatotrophs

Question 10

The middle zona fasciculata occupies 10% of the cortex and consists of long cords of large polyhedral cells. The innermost zona reticularis comprises about 65-80% of the cortex and consists of smaller cells in a network of irregular cords intersped with wide capillaries.

Answer 10

Both statements are false.

Question 11

The secretory neurons in the neurohypophysis have all the characteristics of typical neurons, including the ability to conduct an action potential, but have larger-diameter axons and well- developed synthetic components related to the production of the 9-amino acid peptide hormones called?

Answer 11

I & II

Question 12

It is often called the master endocrine gland because its hormones regulate physiological activities of many other endocrine glands and tissues.

Answer 12

Hypophysis

Question 13

The pars distalis has a thin fibrous capsule and makes up 75% of the adenohypophysis. The main components are cords of well-stained endocrine cells interspersed with fenestrated capillaries and supporting reticular connective tissue.

Answer 13

Both statements are true.

Question 14

.Contains enzymes for cholesterol synthesis and conversion of the steroid prohormone pregnanolone into specific active steroid hormones

Answer 14

Adrenal Cortex

Question 15

Chromaffin cells contain many electron-dense granules (150-350 nm in diameter) for secretion of catecholamines like

Answer 15

A and B

Question 16

All are true about epinephrine, except

Answer 16

Constricts vessels of the digestive system and skin

Question 17

This is the intermediate filament protein that modified astrocytes stain positively for.

Answer 17

Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GAFP)

Question 18

In humans and other mammals, the cycle of light and darkness is detected within the retinas and transmitted to the pineal via the following, EXCEPT:

Answer 18

Tracts of parasympathetic fibers entering the hypothalamus

Question 19

Densely calcified corpora arenacea can be used as landmarks for the lateral location of the pineal gland in various radiological examinations of the brain. Tumors originating from pinealocytes are common, and can be either benign or highly malignant.

Answer 19

Both statements are false.

Question 20

A 41 year-old businesswoman was encouraged by her husband to visit their doctor after she complained of intense back pain and weakness in her knee joints. She also complained of often feeling depressed, and noticed that she loses concentration at times. For this, her doctor issued the following tests for her to undergo: a complete blood count (CBC) and a calcium blood test (CBT). Upon further assessment, the latter test increased levels of blood calcium. Which of the following does the patient most likely have?

Answer 20

A benign tumor in one of the parathyroid glands