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Pharmacology DEH2300 > Endocrine Pharmacology > Flashcards

Endocrine Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Adrenocorticosteroids

Notes: What is the name of the condition in which too much cortisol? Cushions Syndrom

Symptoms:

  • Moon face
  • Buffalo hump
  • Midsection girth

What is the name of the condition in which too little cortisol? Addisons disease

 Mechanism of action
–Supplementation of endogenous cortisol

 Use
–Inflammatory processes

  • Asthma
  • Allergy
  • Rheumatoid Arthritis

–Aphthous stomatitis

–Adrenal insufficiency

A
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2
Q

Adverse effects when taking ______ is osteoporosis (muscle wasting), increased risk of infection (decreased wound healing), hyperglycemia, water retention and increased gastric acid.

Patient care considerations are risk of adrenal crisis with abrupt withdrawal; thre is Increased adverse effects with use of ______

A

Adrenocorticosteroids; NSAID’s

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3
Q

Treatment for _____ stimulates insulin production, reduces cellular insulin resistance, decreases hepatic glucose production, increases cellular sensitivity to insulin, inhibits breakdown of ingested carbohydrates, mimics the action of incretin hormones, and inhibits the breakdown of incretin hormones.

Examples: Actos, *Metformin: they ______ insulin resistance)

A

type 2 diabetes; shut off

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4
Q

Metformin shuts off ______. It’s easy to become hypoglycemic.

A

gluconeogenisis

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5
Q

Antidiabetic Agents

 Treatment of Diabetes Type II (T2DM) (continued) –Inhibit re-absorption of renal filtered glucose

• SGLT2 Inhibitors –dapagliflozin (Farxiga) –canagliflozin (Invokana) –empagliflozin (Jardiance)

A
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6
Q

The mechanism of action for _____ is the replacement of endogenous insulin. It can lead to hypoglycemia and weight gain.

A

Insulin

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7
Q

Short Acting

Humulin R
Insulin aspart (Novolog) Insulin lispro (Humalog) Insulin glulisine (Apidra)

Insulins

Intermediate Acting

Humulin N Humulin L Humulin 70/30 Humalog Mix

75/25

Long Acting

Humulin U
Insulin degludec (Tresiba) Insulin detemir (Levemir) Insulin glargine

(Lantus, Toujeo)

A
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8
Q

______ is the inability of the thyroid gland to secrete enough (too little thyroid hormone). The diagnosis is ____ TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone).

Symptoms are fatigue, and _____ intolerance.

Treatment: Levothyroxine (T4) (Synthroid) • Liothyronine (T3) (Cytomel)

A

Hypothyroidism (T4); elevated; cold

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9
Q

_____ is excessive production of thyroid hormone. Symptoms of this are heat intolerance, increased sensitivity to pain, and excessive sympathetic activity.

Treatment
Examples: Propylthiouracil (PTU), Methimazole (Tapazole)

A

Hyperthyroidism

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10
Q

Use caution for patients who have hyper thyroidism when using anesthetic with ____.

If they have uncontrolled hyperthyroidism, they cannot he given ______ because this may lead to a possible “thyroid storm”.

Treatment: PTU, Tapazole

A

epinephrine; epinephrine

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11
Q

Adverse effects for ___ are GI upset, edema, weight gain, hypertension, increased risk of some cancers, thromboembolic disorders (esp if a smoker).

A

estrogen

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12
Q

As an anti-osteoporosis drug _______,

decreases bone resorption.

Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (Evista) –Mechanism of Action

Mimic estrogen activity at receptors on bone

A

Estrogen Replacement Therapy (ERT)

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13
Q

Anti-osteoporosis Agents

 Teriparatide (Forteo) –Mechanism of Action

• Recombinant human parathyroid hormone

 Denosumab (Prolia) –Mechanism of Action

• Inhibits osteoclasts (RANK-L inhibitor)

A
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14
Q

_______ shut off osteoclast activity and causes increased bone density. This led to retained in bone to reduce bone turnover.

Alendronate (Fosamax) used to treat osteoporosis

Isedronate (Actonel)

Ibandronate sodium (Boniva)

Zoledronic acid (Reclast) once a year injection

A

Bisphosphonates

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15
Q

Anti-osteoporosis Agents

 Bisphosphonates (continued) –Patient care considerations

  • Osteonecrosis of the jaw
  • Atypical femur fractures
  • Esophagitis and esophageal cancer
A
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16
Q

Antineoplastic Agents

 Mechanism of action
–Interfere with reproductive cycle of malignant cells –Have effects on “normal” rapidly growing cells

 Adverse Effects
–Gastrointestinal distress
– Alopecia
–Bone marrow suppression
–Decreased immunity/increased risk of infection

A
17
Q

Antineoplastic Agents

 Patient care considerations –Many dental effects

  • Oral ulcerations
  • Altered taste
  • Gingival bleeding • Xerostomia
  • Candidiasis
  • Oral mucositis

–Also used to treat various autoimmune diseases • Rheumatoid Arthritis
• Crohn’s Disease

A
18
Q

Anti-rheumatic Agents

 Disease Modifying Anti-rheumatic Drugs (DMARDs) –Mechanism of action

• Suppress overactive T-cell response and inflammation

  • Reduce and prevent joint damage
  • Preserve joint structure and function
A
19
Q

Anti-rheumatic Agents

 DMARDs (continued) – Types

  • Antimalarials –hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil)
  • Methotrexate
  • Adrenocorticoids
  • Tumor necrosis factor alpha-blockers –adalimumab (Humira)
A
20
Q

Anti-rheumatic Agents

 DMARDs (continued) –Patient care considerations

  • Increased susceptibility to infection
  • Increased risk of bone marrow suppression
A
21
Q

Never abruptly discontiune the use of a ______.

A

steroid

22
Q

What drug fools your kdiney from getting rid of glucose?

ex: jardiance

A

SGLT2 inhibitors

23
Q

Treatments for patients with problematic ______are surgery, kill the thyroid by chemotherapy or radioactive iodine, leave it alone as long as possible.

A

hyperthyroidim

24
Q

_____ supplemenent endogenous female hormones.

A

estrogen

25
Q

_____ are used for menopause treatment, osteoporosis, and contraception.

A

Estrogen

26
Q

Good to know

If a woman has a high risk of cancer and cannot use estrogen supplements like black cohash (phytoestogen) can help.

A
27
Q

As an anti-osteoporosis agent _____ inhibits osteoclasts, stimulates osteoblasts.

A

Miacalcin (calcitonin)

28
Q

_______designed to treat bone cancer.

A

Bisphosphonates

Pharmacology DEH2300 (23 decks)

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