CH4 Cardiovascular Pharmacology Flashcards
The _______ is comprised of the heart and blood vessels.
The function of the cardiovascular system is to supply ______ via the blood to all areas of the body.
This is accomplished through the contraction of the _____ and actions of the blood vessels.
cardiovascular system; oxygen; heart
As the demand for oxygen increases, the heart and blood vessels compensate.
Cardiac force and rate of contraction ______ to pump larger volumes under higher pressure.
Blood vessels contract or dilate to direct blood flow to the areas requiring more _____.
increase; oxygen
The cardiovascular system fails when the heart and/or blood vessels fail to provide ____ oxygen to meet the demand.
The heart may not contract sufficiently or pump efficiently.
Blood vessels may become _____ .
When a person has congestive heart failure they have _____ organ failure
sufficient; blocked; all
Cardiovascular disease refers to disease of the heart and blood vessels that result in this failure. List four symptoms of failure.
- ) Hypertension
- ) Coronary Artery Disease
- ) Cardiac Arrhythmia
- ) Congestive Heart Failure
With dental treatment, we must weigh the benefits of therapy against the risk of medical complications.
Patients with ______ disease are at higher risk for medical complications due to the nature of the disease and medications used in treatment.
Patients with periodontal disease may be at higher risk for _______ events.
cardiovascular; thromboembolic
With dental treatment, we must weigh the potential stress induced by the therapy against the patient’s ability to withstand it.
Patients with cardiovascular disease have reduced functional reserve and are less able to respond to _____ situations, including _______.
stressful; dental treatment
With local anesthesia, the benefits of using epinephrine must be weighed against the associated cardiovascular risk.
In patients with cardiovascular disease, we must weigh the adverse effects of an absorbed dose of ______ against the adverse effects of elevated ____ anesthetic blood levels.
epinephrine; local
With anti-thromboembolic agents, the benefits of continuation of therapy must be weighed against the associated risk of bleeding.
In patients with thromboembolic disorders, we must weigh the adverse effects of continuing therapy during ____ procedures against the adverse effects of temporarily _____ therapy.
surgical; discontinuing
Flashcard for this??
_____ is the number one cause of death.
Cardiovascular disease
Hypertension is a condition where the ______ of blood being pumped to through the cardiovascular system exceeds the capacity of the system.
It may be due to a failure in fluid volume homeostasis in the renin-angiotensin- aldosterone system; it may be exacerbated by ____ stimulation.
volume; SANS
You give ____ for congestive heart failure
digoxen
The _____ of pharmacologic treatment of _______ are reduced plasma volume, blood vessel dilation, the restoration of RAAS fulid homesostatis and the reduction of SANS- induced cardiac output.
goals; hypertension
During the pharmacolgic treatment of hypertension, the drugs employed are diuretics, __________, Alpha-1 Blockers,
_____, Angiotensin II Blockers, Beta-1 Blockers, and clonidine
Calcium Channel Blockers, ACE inhibitors
__________:
Reduce weight
Limit alcohol consumption
Increase aerobic physical activity
Restrict sodium intake
Stop smoking
Non-Pharmacologic Treatment of Hypertension
What is Pulmonary Hypertension?
When you take diuretics your body pushes _____ into your bladder in order to get rid of water.
sodium
______ is required for nerve conduction and muscle contraction
Potassium
_____ is one of the first adverse affects from taking a diuretics.
Xerostomia
What drug is often associated with gingival hyperplasia?
Calcium Channel Blockers
- The sarcoplasmic reticulum, make the smooth muscle relax around this,
- Calcium channel blockers work on smooth muscle and cardio muscle but not _____ muscle
Your _____ makes cholesteral for use in your muscle. If you use your_____ more your cholesterol will go down.
????
liver; muscles
_____ , the “good cholesterol,” scoops up cholesterol before it gets dumped into the vascular system. These lipoproteins transfer cholesterol from peripheal cells to the liver to be metabolized and excreted.
HDL’s
High density lipoproteins
Calcium channel blockers work on ___ muscles.
heart (aka arythmia)
Arythmia and angina are _____ treatment plans
different
______ are drugs that can be taken to shrink the prostate?
Alpha-1 blockers
________ and Alpha-1 Blockers are drugs that are used to dilate blood vessels.
Calcium channel blockers
What type of drug, taken to treat hypertension, works to restore rentin angiotension homeostasis but can cause dry cough?
RAAS Antihypertensive Agents
_____ is a normal clotting mechanism which prevents blood loss when the integrity of a blood vessel is disrupted.
On the other hand, _____ is an overactive clotting mechanism which produces clots (thrombi) within undamaged vessels.
________produce stroke, MI, death; whereas _____ produce deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolisms.
Coagulation; hypercoagulation
Arterial thrombi; venous thrombi
Aspirin, clopidogrel (Plavix), dipyridamole (Persantine), prasugrel (Effient), and ticagrelor (Brilinta) are all ________.
Oral Antiplatelet Agents
Dental considerations
–Drug interactions with liver enzyme inducers and inhibitors (Plavix and Brilinta)
–Increased risk of bleeding may be exacerbated by other drugs used in dentistry
- NSAIA’s
- Antibiotics
–No contraindication for dental treatment
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_________ (warfarin) inhibits the synthesis of Vitamin K-dependent clotting factors.
It is used in the treatment of and prevention of venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and thromboembolism due to ______, prosthesis, or a recent MI.
Coumadin; atrial fibrilation
What is an oral anticoagulant agent patient care consideration? And how is it assessed?
A value of ___ is “normal” but a value of <___ is needed for dental treatment
An INR test should be done immediately before oral treatment
Increased risk of bleeding ;International Normalized Ratio
Coumadin toxicity can be reversed with _______.
Vitamin K
