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Pharmacology DEH2300 > CH3 Autonomic Pharmacology > Flashcards

CH3 Autonomic Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

In keeping with what you know about how the PANS and SANS systems interact with one another, it is reasonsable to assume that an agonist PANS drug would mimic the effects of the PANS system.

What is this type of drug called?

A

parasympathomimetics

(para-sympatho-mim-etics)

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2
Q

Many organs receive _____ PANS and SANS innervation. In most instances, actions produced are _____.

A

both; opposite

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3
Q

One of the most common patient care consideration with the use of antihypertensives is orthostatic hypotension.

True

False

A

True

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4
Q

During parasympathetic activation ______ GI motility and digestion occurs.

A

increased

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5
Q

Trimatine

A
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6
Q

Which body system is concerned with conserving body processes.

This system builds the body’s energy storage and turns food into energy.

A

PANS = ‘Rest and digest’

Remember: Panama Canal or Don’t Panic

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7
Q

During parasympathetic activation the hair is _____.

A

relaxed

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8
Q

During parasympathetic activation ______ GI secretions occur.

A

increased

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9
Q

During parasympathetic activation blood vessels in skin and mucosa are kept ______.

A

normal

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10
Q

During parasympathetic activation the sweat production is ________.

A

decreased

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11
Q

What is an example of a SANS drug that treats asthma?

A

Albuterol

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12
Q

Stimulating beta-2 receptors ONLY would result in which of the following?
A) increased heart rate
B) increased myocardial contraction
C) bronchodilation
D) uterine contraction
E) none

A

C) bronchodilation

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13
Q

What type of Autonomic drug wouold you use to treat the following?

-Treatment of serious xerostomia, such as that in a person with Sjögren’s syndrome.

(Medication:Salagen, Evoxac)

-Treatment of urinary retention.

(Medication: Urecholine)

-Treatment of glaucoma; produce miosis.

(Medication: Isopto-carpine)

A

PANS Agonists

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14
Q

A SANS agonist produces the ______ effect of PANS.

A

opposite

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15
Q

During parasympathetic activation clotting factors and endorphins _______.

A

not released

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16
Q

During parasympathetic activation bronchial smooth muscle and bronchioles are relatively __________

A

constricted

(bronchoconstriction)

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17
Q

Receptors which we target for drug use in the SANS are labeled “adrenergic”

True

False

A

True

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18
Q

Why are many drugs formulated to target the PANS or SANS?

A

The predictability of the systems are ideal when predicting how a medication might work.

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19
Q

Which is NOT an expected effect of SANS reaction?
A) constricted pupils
B) increased respiration
C) increased heart rate
D) decreased salivation

A

A) constricted pupils

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20
Q

Parasympatholytic agents may also be referred to adrenergic antagonists

True

False

A

False

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21
Q

Stimulating beta-2 receptors ONLY would result in which of the following?
A) increased salivation
B) decreased BP
C) bronchodilation
D) decreased heart rate

A

C) bronchodilation

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22
Q

Receptors which we target for drug use in the PANS are labeled “nicotinic cholinergic”

True

False

A

False

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23
Q

Alpha 1 -adrenergic receptors facilitates _____ and pupil ______.

A

vasoconstriction; dilation

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24
Q

PANS antagonists causes everything to _____

A

dry out

  1. xerostomia
  2. urinary/gastrointestnal stasis
  3. fever
  4. blured vision
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25
Q

Patient has bronchial asthma, what drug will yuou use to treat them?

A

SANS agonist

While use of a SANS agonist will trigger overall SANS response, a condition that might cause death, such as asthma, makes a SANS agonist justifiable.

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26
Q

Many organs receive both PANS and SANS innervation. In most instances, actions produced are _____.

A

opposite

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27
Q

Stimulation of alpha 1-receptors results in vasoconstriction in skin and mucous membranes.

True

False

A

True

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28
Q

Alpha 2 -adrenergic receptors inhibits the ______ of norepinephrine.

A

release

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29
Q

PANS =

A

Constriction

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30
Q

The technical name for a SANS agonist is sympatho_______. The effects of this drug type is just like the SANS system.

A

sympathomimetics**

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31
Q

SANS =

A

DILATION

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32
Q

The technical name for a PANS antagonist is parasympatho_______. This drug type blocks the effects of the PANS system.

A

parasympatholytics**

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33
Q

An example of an autonomic signaling modifier is a _________ inhibitor which promotes vasodilation in the corpus cervernosum. It therapeutic consideration is for the treatment of ________.

A

PDE-5; erectile disfunction (ED)

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34
Q

In keeping with what you know about how the PANS and SANS systems interact with one another, it is reasonsable to assume that an antagonist SANS drug would block the effects of the SANS system.

What is this type of drug called?

A

sympatholytics

(sympatho-lytics)

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35
Q

During parasympathetic activation there is ______ production of adipose and fat tissue.

A

increased

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36
Q

During transmission, the post receptor for the SANS system is the ______ receptor.

A

adrenergic

hint: never use a nicotinic drug

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37
Q

Salagen is a parasympathetic drug taken to treat xerostomia that causes multiple side effects. Which of the following would describe this drug?

A) Parasympathetic agonist

B) Parasympathetic antagonist

C) Sympathetic agonist

D) Sympathetic antagonist.

A

A) Parasympathetic agonist

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38
Q

During parasympathetic activation respiration rate is adjust from normal to _______

A

decreased

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39
Q

The _______ functions largely as an automatic modulating system for many bodily functions

A

Autonomic Nervous System

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40
Q

During sympathetic activation breakdown of adipose tissue is ______.

A

increased

41
Q

If a tissue receives both innervations, the response at any one time will be _____ to the sum of the excitatory and inhibitory influences of the two divisions.

A

equal

42
Q

During sympathetic activation GI secretions are _______.

A

decreased

43
Q

Sympathomimetic agents instilled into the eye produce miosis (pupil constriction).
True

False

A

False

44
Q

Which of the following would be an expected effect of an alpha 1- agonist?
A) dilation of blood vessels in the skin and mucous membranes.
B) constriction of blood vessels in skeletal muscle
C) contraction of bronchial smooth muscle
D) relaxation of the GI smooth muscle
E) none of the above

A

E) none of the above

45
Q

The technical name for a PANS agonist is parasympatho_______. The effects of this drug type is just like the PANS system.

A

parasympathomimetics**

46
Q

Beta blockers mask the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia.

True

Fasle

A

True

47
Q

PANS Antagonists, Think “______”

A

Anti-SLUD

48
Q

SLUD MEANS

A
  • Salivation
  • Lacrimation
  • Urination
  • Defecation
49
Q

The _________ controls the regulation of blood pressure, heart rate, gastrointestinal tract motility, salivary gland secretions, and bronchial smooth muscle activity.

A

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

50
Q

Parasympathomimetic agents instilled into the eye produce mydriasis.

True

False

A

False

51
Q

Stimulation of the PANS, such as when resting and digesting , produces which of the following effects?
A) increased salivation
B) increased BP
C) bronchodilation
D) increased heart rate
E) none

A

A) increased salivation

52
Q

The ____ is deigned to cope with sudden emergencies. When this system is activated, the GI system shuts down and stored energy is burned.

A

Sympathetic Autonomic Nervous System (SANS)

53
Q

During sympathetic activation the respiration rate _______.

A

increases

54
Q

A SANS antagonist is _____ to control with less adverse effects. This is because it has the ability to target a specific system without impacting all SANS systems.

A

easier

55
Q

_________ is a SANS neurotransmitter that is released from the synaptic vessicles at the postsynaptic junction with the neuroeffector organ.

A

Norepinephrine

56
Q

During sympathetic activation sphincters become _______.

A

contracted

57
Q

In keeping with what you know about how the PANS and SANS systems interact with one another, it is reasonsable to assume that an agonist SANS drug would block the effects of the SANS system.

What is this type of drug called?

A

sympathomimetics

(sympatho-mimetics)

58
Q

During sympathetic activation sweat production is _______.

A

increased

59
Q

Beta 1 receptors stimulate the ______ force and rate of cardiac contraction, as well as ______ glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis on the metabolism

A

increased; increased

60
Q

In keeping with what you know about how the PANS and SANS systems interact with one another, it is reasonsable to assume that an antagonist PANS drug would block the effects ofthe PANS system.

What is this type of drug called?

A

parasympatholytics

(para-sympatho-lytics)

61
Q

When a drug is an antagonist ________ activation occurs.

A

focused

62
Q

Receptors which we target for drug use in PANS are labeled muscarinic.

True

False

A

True

63
Q

What drug treats xerostomia?

A

Salogen

64
Q

Dialated pupils, blood vessels and bronchodialation all occur as a response to the activation of the ____.

A

SANS

65
Q

An antagonists ____ one system, while leaving other unopposed.

A

block

66
Q

_______ is a SANS neurotransmitter that is released from adrenal medulla into blood. This neurotransmitter is dominant in the flight or fight syndrome.

A

Epinephrine (also called Adrenaline)

67
Q

During transmission, the post receptor for the PANS system is the ______ receptor.

A

Muscarinic

68
Q

_______ drugs facilitate effects on blood vessels in skin/mucosa, produces vasoconstriction. It also facilitate pupil dilation.

A

Alpha-1

69
Q

During parasympathetic activation the pupils will become relatively _______.

A

constricted

70
Q

During parasympathetic activation blood vessels in skeletal muscles are relatively ______

A

constricted

71
Q

_______ drugs affect the cardiac muscle. This is done through ______ causing an increased force and rate of cardiac. contraction.

This type of drug also stimulates _______ through glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis (hyperglycemia).

A

Beta 1; stimulation: metabolism

(you have 1 heart)

72
Q

During sympathetic activation _______ of bronchial smooth muscle and ______ of bronchioles occurs.

A

relaxation; dilation (bronchodilation)

73
Q

A dose of a drug that kills 50% of experimental animals is termed

A) ED50.

B) minimally effective dose.

C) LD50.

D) therapeutic index.

A

C) LD50.

By definition, the LD50 is the median lethal dose, that is, a dose level that leads to death in 50% of the animals tested. ED50 is the median effective dose, a dose that produces a therapeutic effect in 50% of the subjects tested. A minimally effective dose should not cause death unless death is the desired endpoint. In this case, the incidence of death should be lower to be designated minimal. The therapeutic index is the ratio of LD50 to ED50.

74
Q

When a drug is an agonist ________ activation occurs.

A

systemic

75
Q

During sympathetic activation hair ______.

A

stands on end

76
Q

The technical name for a SANS antagonist is sympatho_______. This drug type is blocks the effects of the SANS system.

A

sympatholytics

77
Q

During parasympathetic activation _______ saliva production occurs.

A

increased

78
Q

______ drugs effect the lungs. This type of drug works to stimulate _________, as well as the blood vessels in skeletal muscle (vasodialation).

A

Beta 2 drugs; bronchodilation

(you have 2 lungs)

79
Q

During sympathetic activation pupils _____.

A

dilate (become wider)

80
Q

During sympathetic activation glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis is ______.

A

increased

81
Q

When you hear the word PANS you should associated it with ____.

A

Muscarinic

82
Q

During parasympathetic activation glycogen production is _______.

A

increased

83
Q

True or False

The PANS and SANS systems are automatic.

A

True

84
Q

During sympathetic activation blood vessels in skin and mucosa _______.

A

constrict

85
Q

During sympathetic activation blood vessels in skeletal muscles _____.

A

dilated

86
Q

PANS antagonist, THINK “________“

A

Anti-SLUD

  • Anti-Salivation
  • Anti-Lacrimation
  • Anti-Urination
  • Anti-Defecation
87
Q

During sympathetic actvation GI motility and tone is _______; and there is _________ digestion.

A

relaxed; decreased

88
Q

One of the adverse effects of beta-1 blockers is dry cough, which may be worsened by placing the patient in the supine position.
True

False

A

False

89
Q

During sympathetic activation the heart beats ____and _____.

A

stronger; faster

90
Q

During sympathetic activation clotting factors and endorphins are ______.

A

released

91
Q

Epinephrine should never be used in patients taking beta blockers.

True

False

A

False

92
Q

PANS Agonists, Think “_____”

A

SLUD

  • Salivation
  • Lacrimation
  • Urination
  • Defecation
93
Q

During parasympathetic activation ______ of sphincters to produce defecation and urination occurs.

A

relaxation

94
Q

Beta 2 receptors facilitate ______ lung bronchodilation and _____ blood vessel dilation (vasodilation).

A

increased; increased

95
Q

Stimulation of the SANS, such as during a flight or flight situation produces which of the following effects?
A) increased salivation
B) increased BP
C) bronchoconstriction
D) decreased heart rate
E) none

A

B) increased BP

96
Q

During parasympathetic activation the heart beat is _____.

A

slower

97
Q

Name three drugs that treat erectile disfunction.

A

Sildenafil (Viagra)

Vardenafil (Levitra)

Tadalafil (Cialis)

98
Q

Name five pharmacologic effects of a SANS agonist.

A

Vasoconstriction

Bronchodilation

increased cardiac force and rate of contraction

increased metabolic rate

CNS stimulation

99
Q

Stimulating the CNS is involved in the treatment of ADHD. Name two drugs that could be used.

A

methylphenidate (Ritalin)

amphetamine (Adderall)

Pharmacology DEH2300 (23 decks)

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