Endocrine, Immune and CNS Conditions Flashcards
______ secretes hormones that are essential to all growth and metabolism
thyroid
true or false: the stomach is a regulator of all body functions
false: the thyroid gland is a regulator of all body function
are thyroid disorders more common in men or women
women
hypothyroid vs. hyperthyroid
hypothyroid - underactive thyroid
hyperthyroid - overactive thyroid
hypothyroidism
weak slow heart beat, muscular weakness and constant fatigue, sensitive to cold, thick puffy skin, slowed mental processes and poor memory, constipation, goiter
hyperthyroidism
rapid forceful heartbeat, tremor, muscular weakness, weight loss in spite of increased appetite, restlessness, anxiety, sleeplessness, profuse sweating and heat intolerance, diarrhea, goiter
how is hyperthyroidism treated?
with meds, radioactive iodine pills or thyroidectomy
average age of menopause
52
what does menopause cause an increased risk for?
CV disease, osteoporosis, mood disorders
symptoms of menopause
hot flashes, mood swings, foggy brain
6 characteristics of metabolic syndrome
- abdominal obesity
- high lipids
- increased blood pressure
- insulin resistance
- pro-inflammatory state
- pro-thrombotic state
diabetes
disease in which the body is unable to properly store and use glucose for energy/expenditure
type I vs type II diabetes
Type I - body can’t produce insulin
Type II - body can’t use the insulin produced
risk factors for diabetes
- high cholesterol/triglycerides
- sedentary
- family history
- high blood pressure
- aboriginal, asian, latin american or african ethnicity
- having a baby over albs
- being diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder
- having been diagnosed with sleep apnea
hypoglycemia
when blood sugar is too low
warning signs of hypoglycemia
shakiness, dizziness, light headed, irritability
treatment for hypoglycemia
fast acting carb
hyperglycemia
when blood sugar is too high
treatment for hyperglycemia
insulin or medication
benefits of exercise for diabetics
- decreases circulating blood sugar
- controls weight
- controls CV risk factors
- increases muscle mass
- increases binding of insulin
what are the clinical practice guidelines for physical activity by canadian diabetes association?
1) aerobic exercise 50-70% MHR 150 min/week
2) resistance training 3x/week, 1-2 sets, 12-15 reps progressing to 3 sets, 8 reps
3) late night exercise not recommended (for type I especially)
Dementia
a syndrome or group of symptoms that show impairments in areas such as:
- cognitive skills
- functional abilities
- mood and behaviour
- causes memory changes, intellectual deficits and behavioural disturbances
what is the most common dementia?
alzheimers disease
__ in 10 people over 65 and __ in 10 people over 85 have alzheimers disease
1 in 10 over 65 and 4 in 10 over 85
how many cases of alzheimers disease are genetic?
30-50%
benefits of exercise for dementia
- improves stamina, mood, circulation, sleep
- improves calming effect
- helps retain motor skills
- imparts sense of meaning, purpose, contributing to their own health
- controls blood pressure, falls and all other general benefits
what is meant by higher cognitive function?
higher functioning in verbal memory, executive functioning, attention, speed and mental flexibility
what type of exercise seems to provide the largest improvement in cognitive function?
moderate strength training combined with aerobic exercises
do females or males wth alzheimers get a higher benefit from exercise
females because experience a marked drop in reproductive hormones at menopause, whereas men experience a more gradual decrease in sex hormones in andropause (testosterone might have protective effects on brain tissue)
how does exercise improve cognition
more neurotransmitters working at the synapses, create more brain cells, create more vessels in brains, reduces buildup of amyloid beta plaques, reduces brain atrophy, repairs neurons
exercise prescription for alzheimers disease
- aerobic: it can be a familiar activity
- Time: aim for 40-60 minutes broken up to 15-20 minute bouts
what is the 2nd most common type of dementia
parkinsons disease
do more men or women have parkinson disease
men
parkinsons is the failure to properly metabolise ______ (unable to cross blood-brain barrier)
dopamine
symptoms of parkingsons
- pill rolling
- useless contraction of skeletal muscles
- stooped posture
- expressionless face
- shuffling gait
- slow, monotonous speech
- difficulty initiating movement
when should medication for parkinsons be taken when doing physical activity
60 minutes prior to activity
best choices of exercise for parkinsons disease
swimming, recumbent bike, walk, dance
benefits of exercise in people with parkinsons
- reduces falls
- improves gait
- increases grip strength
- reduces arm tremor
- motor coordination
what is the cardio prescription for someone with parkinsons
3x/week, 60-75% max HR
