Basic Biological Changes with age

Question 1

does our level of activity relate to our age-related decline?

Answer 1

yes

Question 2

why are there age related changes in the central nervous system

Answer 2

lost neurons

Question 3

how does regular physical activity improve age related system changes?

Answer 3

muscle loss, higher capacity for a higher heart rate, vessel health, fewer sleep disorders, lower depression and anxiety, improve cognition

Question 4

arteriosclerosis

Answer 4

hardening of the arteries

Question 5

atherosclerosis

Answer 5

build up of fatty plaques

Question 6

varicose veins

Answer 6

vein valves deteriorate

Question 7

true or false: resting heart rate decreases with age

Answer 7

true

Question 8

Max heart rate decreases - bpm/decade

Answer 8

5-10

Question 9

true or false: with age there is a shortened contraction period in the heart

Answer 9

false: with age there is a lengthened contraction period in the heart

Question 10

what is a normal blood pressure

Answer 10

120/80

Question 11

what is a high normal blood pressure?

Answer 11

140/90

Question 12

why does blood pressure increase with age?

Answer 12

because of increased rigidity of vessels

Question 13

cardiac output

Answer 13

total amount of blood ejected from each ventricle/minute

Question 14

stroke volume

Answer 14

amount of blood pumped out of each ventricle with each bat

Question 15

max oxygen consumption decreases -% per decade after age 30

Answer 15

5-15%

Question 16

when do we have our maximum capacity to transport O2

Answer 16

during exercise

Question 17

how can VO2 Max be increased

Answer 17

with moderate to vigorous exercise

Question 18

respiratory changes with age

Answer 18

loss of elastic recoil in lung tissue, muscles of chest wall become more stiff, kyphosis squishes lungs, ossification of costochondral, small change in alveoli surface area, diminished ability to breathy deeply cough and exhale, increased size and number of mucous glands in bronchial tree, decrease in ciliary function

Question 19

when does loss of height begin?

Answer 19

age 45 ~

Question 20

when does body mass increase?

Answer 20

age 25 to 50

Question 21

actual fat gain is masked by what?

Answer 21

muscle loss

Question 22

what is the difference in body composition between a young adult and a senior

Answer 22

Young adult - 10% bone, 30% muscle, 20% fat

Senior - 8% bone, 15% muscle, 40% fat

Question 23

why is fat useful

Answer 23

source of energy, storage for some vitamins, cell membrane integrity, protect of internal organs, brain and nervous system component, insulation

Question 24

some cancers, hypertension, joint disease, cardiovascular disease, stroke, diabetes and kidney disease are all associated with what

Answer 24

obesity (associated with higher levels of those things)

Question 25

4 things bones are good for

Answer 25

structure, protection, mobility, calcium storage

Question 26

how do bones repair themselves

Answer 26

1) cells called osteoclasts create a cavity on bone surface
2) cells called osteoblasts fill in the cavity
3) repair complete

Question 27

3 reasons for height loss with age

Answer 27

1) disc compression
2) increase kyphosis
3) muscular weakness

Question 28

peak strength is at age __

Answer 28

25

Question 29

5 central nervous system changes

Answer 29

1) mild memory loss
2) sleeping patterns affected
3) loss of thirst mechanisms
4) reduced senses including hearing and seeing
5) reduced reaction time