Basic Biological Changes with age Flashcards
does our level of activity relate to our age-related decline?
yes
why are there age related changes in the central nervous system
lost neurons
how does regular physical activity improve age related system changes?
muscle loss, higher capacity for a higher heart rate, vessel health, fewer sleep disorders, lower depression and anxiety, improve cognition
arteriosclerosis
hardening of the arteries
atherosclerosis
build up of fatty plaques
varicose veins
vein valves deteriorate
true or false: resting heart rate decreases with age
true
Max heart rate decreases - bpm/decade
5-10
true or false: with age there is a shortened contraction period in the heart
false: with age there is a lengthened contraction period in the heart
what is a normal blood pressure
120/80
what is a high normal blood pressure?
140/90
why does blood pressure increase with age?
because of increased rigidity of vessels
cardiac output
total amount of blood ejected from each ventricle/minute
stroke volume
amount of blood pumped out of each ventricle with each bat
max oxygen consumption decreases -% per decade after age 30
5-15%
when do we have our maximum capacity to transport O2
during exercise
how can VO2 Max be increased
with moderate to vigorous exercise
respiratory changes with age
loss of elastic recoil in lung tissue, muscles of chest wall become more stiff, kyphosis squishes lungs, ossification of costochondral, small change in alveoli surface area, diminished ability to breathy deeply cough and exhale, increased size and number of mucous glands in bronchial tree, decrease in ciliary function
when does loss of height begin?
age 45 ~
when does body mass increase?
age 25 to 50
actual fat gain is masked by what?
muscle loss
what is the difference in body composition between a young adult and a senior
Young adult - 10% bone, 30% muscle, 20% fat
Senior - 8% bone, 15% muscle, 40% fat
why is fat useful
source of energy, storage for some vitamins, cell membrane integrity, protect of internal organs, brain and nervous system component, insulation
some cancers, hypertension, joint disease, cardiovascular disease, stroke, diabetes and kidney disease are all associated with what
obesity (associated with higher levels of those things)
4 things bones are good for
structure, protection, mobility, calcium storage
how do bones repair themselves
1) cells called osteoclasts create a cavity on bone surface
2) cells called osteoblasts fill in the cavity
3) repair complete
3 reasons for height loss with age
1) disc compression
2) increase kyphosis
3) muscular weakness
peak strength is at age __
25
5 central nervous system changes
1) mild memory loss
2) sleeping patterns affected
3) loss of thirst mechanisms
4) reduced senses including hearing and seeing
5) reduced reaction time
