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Endocrine > Endocrine Histology > Flashcards

Endocrine Histology Flashcards

1
Q

specialized cells which secrete substances that affect other cells

A

endocrine cells

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2
Q

common features of all endocrine tissues

A

ductless, vascular, epithelial, polyhedral, blocks/plate/cord organization

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3
Q

T/F endocrine tissues are ductless

A

T

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4
Q

Endocrine cells secrete substances into _____

A

interstitial fluid –> bloodstream (high vascularity)

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5
Q

fenestrated epithelium

A

allows passage of molecules into capillaries by endocrine glands

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6
Q

Which endocrine glands have an epithelial growth pattern?

A

thyroid, parathyroid, anterior pituitary, adrenal cortex, pancreatic islets –> cords or clumps of cells attached to each other

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7
Q

Which endocrine gland is mesodermal in origin?

A

adrenal cortex

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8
Q

Which endocrine glands have mesenchymal growth pattern?

A

leydig and ovarian stromal cells,granulosa, and luteal –> connective tissue organization

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9
Q

Which endocrine glands have neural growth pattern?

A

posterior pituitary, adrenal medulla

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10
Q

T/F endocrine cells can be individual

A

T –> enteroendocrine cells, enuroendocrine cells, and juxtaglomerular cells are distributed throughout

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11
Q

The ______ connects the pituitary to the hypothalamus

A

infundibulum

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12
Q

derivation of anterior pituitary

A

ectoderm of oropharynx (rathke’s pouch)

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13
Q

derivation of posterior pituitary

A

neuroectoderm of floor of third ventricle

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14
Q

anterior pituitary secretes:

A

gh, prolactin, lh, fsh, tsh, acth

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15
Q

posterior pituitary secretes:

A

oxytocin and ADH

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16
Q

3 parts of anterior pituitary

A

pars distalis, intermedia, tuberalis

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17
Q

pars distalis

A

bulk of AP, arises from anterior wall of RP

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18
Q

pars intermedia

A

remant of posterior wall of RP

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19
Q

pars tuberalis

A

forms sheath around infundibulum and contains veins from hypothalamus/thalamus

20
Q

The primary portion of the PP is called _____

A

pars nevrosa

21
Q

3 main cell types in AP

A

chromophils (acidophils: pink and basophils: purple on h/e) and chromophobes

22
Q

Which endocrine cells are acidophils?

A

somaotropes and lactotropes (gh and prl)

23
Q

Which endocrine cells are basophils?

A

corticotrpes, gonadotropes, thyrotropes (ACTH, LH/FSH, TSH)

24
Q

nerve axons in the hypothalamohypophyseal tract are myelinated/nonmyelinated

A

nonmyelinated –> non synaptic and secrete hormones vs nt’s

25
Q

glial cells in the posterior pituitary are called

A

pituicytes

26
Q

thyroid is derived from ____

A

endoderm of pharyngeal floor

27
Q

lobes of thyroid

A

pyramidal, right, left and isthmus

28
Q

Extracellular thyroglobulin called ____ accumulates in the _____

A

colloid –> follicles

29
Q

Characteristic feature of thyroid

A

follicles with large lumen surrounded by simple cuboidal epithelium

30
Q

thyroglobulin is used to produce ___ and ___

A

T3 and T4

31
Q

_____ cells produce calcitonin

A

parafollicular C cells

32
Q

How many parathyroid glands are there?

A

4 –> lower glandsderived from 3rd branchial arch like thymus/upper glands from 4th branchial arch

33
Q

Role of parathyroid

A

regulate calcium metabolism

34
Q

T/F fat cells in parathyroid increase with age with 60-70% of glands becoming fat

A

T

35
Q

3 types of parenchymal cells in parathyroid

A

principal/chief cells (present before birth), oxyphil cells (acidophlic, after puberty), adipocytes (more with age)

36
Q

_____ cells make pth

A

chief cells

37
Q

Which part of adrenal is larger? cortex, medulla

A

cortex = 90% of weight

38
Q

The _____ contains cells similar to sympathetic neurons which secrete catecholamines in the adrenal

A

medulla

39
Q

3 zones of adrenal cortex

A

glomerulusa (mineralocorticoids/aldosterone), fasciculata (glucocorticoids/cortisol), reticularis (gonadocorticoids/adrogens)

40
Q

T/F adrenal medulla cells are considered post-synaptic neurons

A

T –> but no axons (probably due to cortisol inhibition)

41
Q

2 types of chromaffin cells

A

large dense core: norepi, small core: epi –> adrenal medulla

42
Q

the adrenal medulla is composed of ____ cells

A

chromaffin

43
Q

exocrine pancreas is composed of ____

A

acini and ducts and produce enzymes for digestion

44
Q

endocrine pancreas is composed of ____

A

islet cells: islands of neuroendocrine cells

45
Q

islets develop during ___ weeks gestation

A

9-12 weeks

46
Q

islets are most numerous in which portion of pancreas

A

tail

47
Q

cell types in pancreatic islets

A

A (glucagon), B (insulin), D (somatostatin), PP(pancreatic polypeptide), D1 (VIP), EC (secretin, substance p, motilin)

Endocrine (26 decks)

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