Endocrine/Hematology Flashcards
Small bowel obstruction on abdominal X-ray
Ladder-like or staircase pattern of dilated bowel with air-fluid level and no colonic distention
Large bowel obstruction on abdominal x-ray
Frame pattern dilated bowel loop with air-fluid levels
Ulcerative colitis on abdominal x-ray
mural thickening and thumbprinting
Perforated bowel on abdominal x-ray
free air
Lab that indicates upper GI bleed
elevated serum sodium and BUN
Hypernatremia through due to loss of fluid through emesis
Elevated BUN due to large protein load from the breakdown of blood
Infectious organism from ingesting contaminated water
Giardia lamblia
Incubation period of 7-21 days
Adrenal insufficiency diagnostic test
ATCH stimulation test
Serum Cortisol level fail to rise greater than or equal to 5-10% from baseline cortisol
Chronic liver disease and Hepatic encephalopathy physical examination findings
Asterixis
-pt extends their arms out and dorsiflex the hands at the wrist.
+ arms will move in a tremor-like movements
Priority treatment for DKA
1-3 L of fluid needed in the first hour
Example: 0.9% sodium chloride rate 15-20ml/kg/hr
second line therapy : Insulin bolus 0.15 then Insulin infusion 0.1units/kg/hr
Potassium check or potassium replacement is required before starting insulin gtt
Adverse effect of Tacrolimus
Neurotoxicity
s/s:
-Tremors
- weakness
-altered mental status
- simple neuropathies
These symptoms progress to:
-encephalopathy
-paresis
-seizure
-coma
Hypothyroidism s/s
-Bradycardia
-cold intolerance
- periorbital edema
-dry skin
-difficulty concentrating
-cold extremities
-constipation
-hoarse voice
-decreased deep tendon reflexes
Which oral hypoglycemic agent causes hypoglycemia if not taken with adequate amount of food
Glyburide
RA signs/symptoms
- Pain worse in the morning and gets better as the day progresses
- ulnar deviation at the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints
-proximal interphalangeal joint
-swelling, redness and warmth to bilateral wrist
Osteoarthritis s/s
symptoms better in the morning at gets worse throughout the day
-Joint involvement asymmetrical
-Heberden’s nodes (DIPs)
-Burchard’s nodes (PIPs)
Gout s/s
monoarticular and occur in the lower extremities
Reynaud’s phenomenon s/s
sudden onset of vasoconstriction that causes restricted blood flow to the digits resulting in changes to skin color (pallor, cyanosis and erythema)
-attacks generally last 15-20 mins
Diagnostic test for Cushing syndrome
Dexamethasone suppression test
SIADH labs
-low serum sodium
-low serum osmolality
- increase urine osmolality >100
-increase urine sodium concentration >40
When should insulin infusion be stopped after giving basal insulin?
1-2 hours after basal insulin is administered.
Indication for discontinuation of insulin drip
Closure of anion gap
What lab values would warrant the treatment of subclinical Hypothyroidism
-TSH concentration greater than 10 mU/L
-Presence of TPO antibodies
-Risk factors in younger adults with TSH concentration 4-10mU/L
Recommended drug of choice for first time cellulitis with no risk for MRSA
Cefazolin
Drug of choice for MRSA skin and soft tissue infections
Vancomycin
HIV acute retroviral syndrome assessment findings
-cervical lymphadenopathy
-rash
-arthralgia
-fever
-pharyngitis
