Cardiac Flashcards
Gold standard for detection of cardiac transplant rejection
Endomyocardial Biopsy
Inferior wall MI leads
Anterolateral leads
Lateral wall leads
II, III aVF
V4-V6 and AVL
I, aVL, V5, V6
Test to detect vegetation (new regurgitate murmur and erythematous macular lesions on the palm of the hands)
Transesophageal echocardiogram TEE
Dx test for pulmonary hypertension
cardiac catheterization
Treatment plan for pts 40-75 with LDL greater than or equal to 70 mg/dL
Moderate or high-intensity statin therapy
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy s/s
Young adult
- Syncope
- Aortic stenosis murmur
- ECG findings of NSR with biphasic P waves in leads V1 and V2 and deep Q waves in leads I, aVL, V5 and V6.
Constrictive pericarditis and restrictive cardiomyopathy diagnostic tools
Cardiac CT, MRI or echocardiogram
Restrictive cardiomyopathy may also be diagnosed with endomyocardial biopsy
Life-threatening dysrhythmia usually associated with Heart failure
Ventricular Tachycardia
Mitral valve regurgitation
Holosystolic murmur at the apex radiating to the axilla
Mitral stenosis
Diastolic murmur at the apex
Aortic stenosis
Systolic ejection murmur associated with a click
S4 Gallop
Aortic regurgitation
Diastolic murmur at the left sternal border radiating to the neck
Opening snap can be heard in what murmur?
- Mitral valve regurgitation or mitral valve prolapse
When can split S2 be heard
when the closure of the aortic valve and closure of the pulmonic valve are not synchronized
ABI that indicates SEVERE ischemia of the lower extremities
-ABI less than 0.3
Generally ABI less than 0.9 is abnormal
Most causative organism for endocarditis
Staphylococcus aureus
Medication regimen for patients with ACS s/p STEMI
DAPT x1 year, ACE/ARBs indefinitely, anti-platelet agent and BB
Example: Aspirin, clopidogrel, metoprolol and lisinopril
Urgent intervention for bradycardia in the setting of ACS
Concerns should be for High grade AV block so intervention should be Transcutaneous pacing
THEN
Transvenous pacing
ECG findings for pulmonary hypertension
Right axis deviation with a right bundle branch block,
R/S ratio ≤1 in lead V,
S wave greater than 7 mm deep in V5 or V6
incomplete right bundle branch block.
Right ventricular involvement s/s
Elevated JVD in the setting of clear lungs
V3-V4 ST segment changes
What is the criteria for starting patients on Ivabradine (Corlanor)
Patients with stable HFrEF with an ejection fraction of 35% in maximum dose of beta blockers and in sinus rhythm with a resting HR of 70 or greater
Treatment for hypertensive crisis that arises from catecholaminergic mechanisms such as cocaine
Calcium channel blockers or phentolamine
-BB can worsen the hypertension because of unopposed peripheral vasoconstriction
