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Anatomy > Endocrine Glands - Histo > Flashcards

Endocrine Glands - Histo Flashcards

1
Q

Type of secretion which involves in localized dispersal or through short loops of blood vessels

A

Paracrine

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2
Q

Type of secretion in which a signaling molecule remains on the secreting cell’s surface or adjacent extracellular matrix and affects the target cells when the cells make contact

A

Juxtacrine

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3
Q

Type pf secretion where cells may produce molecules that act on themselves or on cells of the same type

A

Autocrine

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4
Q

Cells that exhibit paracrine secretion

A

G cells

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5
Q

Cells that exhibit autocrine secretion

A

IGF

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6
Q

This signaling is particularly important in embryonic and regenerative tissue interactions

A

Juxtacrine

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7
Q

Hormones that can diffuse through the cell membrane and activate cytoplasmic receptors in target cells

A

Steroids and Thyroid Hormones

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8
Q

Weight and dimension of pituitary gland

A

0.5 g and 10x13x6mm

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9
Q

What part of the skull does pituitary gland lies?

A

Sphenoid bone - sella turcica

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10
Q

Its oral component arises from tge outpocketing of the ectoderm

A

Adenohypophysis

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11
Q

Part of pituitary that has neural component

A

Neurohypophysis

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12
Q

What part of pituitary rathke’s pouch develops?

A

Anterior part

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13
Q

What are the part of neurohypophysis?

A
  • pars nervosa

- infundibulum

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14
Q

What are the parts of adenohypophysis?

A
  • pars distalis
  • para tuberalis
  • pars intermedia
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15
Q

What part of adenohypophysis wraps around the infundibulum?

A

Pars tuberalis

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16
Q

What part of adenohypophysis adjacent to pars nervosa?

A

Pars inyermedia

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17
Q

A bundle of axons that courses into the neurohypophysis from two important hypothalamic nuclei

A

Hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract

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18
Q

What nuclei is responsible for the synthesis of ADH and oxytocin?

A

Supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei

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19
Q

Blood supply of median eminence and infundibular stalk?

A

Superior hypophyseal arteries

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20
Q

Main blood supply of neurohypohysis

A

Inferior hypophyseal arteries *from internal carotid artery

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21
Q

Has great importance because it carries neuropeptides from the median eminence the short distance to the adenohypophysis where they either stimulate or inhibit hormone release by endocrine cells

A

Hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system

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22
Q

It accounts for 75% of adenohypophysis and has thin fibrous capsule

A

Pars distalis

23
Q

These are secretory cells in which hormone is stored in cytoplasmic granules

A

Chromophils

24
Q

What hormones does acidophils secrete?

A
  • GH

- PRL

25
Q

What hormones are the least and most abundant in pars distalis?

A

Least - thyrotrophs

Most - somatotrophs

26
Q

What hormones does basophils secrete?

A

FLAT

27
Q

What is the main protein does corticotrophs secrete?

A

POMC

28
Q

Type of cell that stains weakly, with few or no secretory granules, and also represent a heterogenous group, including stem and undifferentiated progenitor cells as well as any degranulated cells

A

Chromophobes

29
Q

What hormones does pars tuberalis secretes?

A

Gonadotrophs

30
Q

A thin zone of basophilic cells between the pars distalis and the pars nervosa of the neurohypophysis

A

Pars intermedia

31
Q

A smaller funnel-shaped region surrounding the infundibulum of the neurohypophysis, which is often invaded by basophils

A

Pars tuberalis

32
Q

What ate the hormones does corticotrophs secrete?

A

ACTH and B LPH (lipotropin)

33
Q

During fetal life, this part of adenohypophysis also express POMC

A

pars intermedia

34
Q

Developed from the dorsal wall of the hypophyseal pouch and usually contains fluid-filled cysts of various sizes

A

Para intermedia

35
Q

Cleaves by different peoteases to produce smaller peptide hormones

A

POMC

36
Q

A polypeptide produced mainly by the gastric mucosa which also acts as a releasing hormone for somatotropin and oxytocin (also prolactin)

A

Ghrelin

37
Q

Highly branched glial cells that resemble astrocytes and are most abundant cell type in the posterior pituitary

A

Pituicytes

38
Q

It is an axonal dilation where ADH and oxytocin accumulate

A

Herring body

39
Q

Chemical form of TRH

A

3 amino acid peptide

40
Q

Aka modified amino acid

A

Dopamine

41
Q

Aka 41 amino acid polypeptide

A

CRH

42
Q

Aka 14 amino acid peptide

A

Somatostatin

43
Q

Aka 10 amino acid peptide

A

GnRH

44
Q

Wt. of adrenal medulla

A

8 g

45
Q

Part of adrenal gland that mesoderm and the other from the neural crest

A

Mesoderm - cortex

Neural crest - medulla

46
Q

Immediately inside the capsule and comprising 15% of the cortex, consist of closely packed rounded or arched cords of columnar pyramidal cells with many capillaries

A

Zona glomerulosa

47
Q

Comprise about 10% of the cortex and consists of smaller cells in a network of irregular cords interspersed with wide capillaries

A

Zona reticularis

48
Q

Occupies 65 to 80% of the cortex and consist of long cords of large polyhedral cells, one or two cells thick, separated by fenestrated sinusoidal capillaries

A

Zona fasciculata

49
Q

Composed of large, pale-staining polyhedral cells arranged in cords or clumps and supported by a reticular fiber network

A

Adrenal medulla

50
Q

A medullary parenchymal cells that arise from neural crest cells

A

Chromaffin cells

51
Q

Cells that can be considered as modified sympathetic postganglionic neurons, lacking axons and dendrites and specialized as secretory cells

A

Chromaffin cells

52
Q

Storage site of cathecolamines, ATP and calcium

A

Chromogranins

53
Q

Collections of catechilamone-secreting cells adjacent to the autonomic ganglia

A

Paraganglia

54
Q

Cells that ate innervated by cholinergic endings of preganglionic sympathetic neurons which trigger hormone release

A

Medullary chromaffin cells

Anatomy (11 decks)

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