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Anatomy > Bone, ligaments and jointsj of lower limb > Flashcards

Bone, ligaments and jointsj of lower limb Flashcards

1
Q

Four division of lower limb

A
  • gluteal region
  • thigh
  • leg
  • foot
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2
Q

In general, what are the muscles of gluteal region?

A
  • extensors
  • rotators
  • abductors of the hip joint
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3
Q

Part of lower limb where it is between the knee and ankle joint

A

Leg

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4
Q

Part of lower limb where it is posterolateral and between the iliac crest and gluteal fold that defines the lower limit of the buttocks

A

Gluteal region

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5
Q

These muscles control the movement of the pelvis relative to the lower limb bearing the body’s weight (weightbearing or stance limb) while the other limb swings forward (swing limb) during walking.

A

Muscles of gluteal region

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6
Q

Give the bones of the lower limb

A
  • pelvic bones
  • femur
  • patella
  • tibia
  • fibula
  • tarsals
  • metatarsals
  • phalanges
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7
Q

Give the 3 coxal bones

A
  • ilium
  • ishium
  • pubis
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8
Q

Large ball and socket joint between pelvic bon and femur

A

Hip joint

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9
Q

Deep hemispherical socket on lateral pelvic surface

A

Acetabulum

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10
Q

Large flaring bone that forms the superior region of coxal bone

A

Ilium

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11
Q

Give the two surfaces of ilium

A
  • gluteal surface

- auricular surface

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12
Q

Articulates with the head of femur to form the hip joint

A

Acetabulum

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13
Q

Give the major markings of ilium

A
  • tubercle of iliac crest
  • A, P & I gluteal lines
  • A, P & S iliac spine
  • A, P & I Iliac spine
  • iliac creat
  • greater sciatic notch
  • iliac fossa
  • arcuate line
  • pelvic brim
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14
Q

Forms the posterior-inferior part of the hip bone

A

Ischium

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15
Q

Part of ishium that articulates with the ilum

A

Body

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16
Q

Part of ischium that articulates with the pubis

A

Thinner ramus

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17
Q

Give the major marking of ischium

A
  • ishial spine
  • lesser sciatic notch
  • ischial tuberosity
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18
Q

Strongest part of hip bone

A

Ischial tuberosity

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19
Q

Forma the anterior portion of the hip bone

A

Pubis

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20
Q

A fibrocartilage at the midline of two pubic bones

A

Pubic sympphysis

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21
Q

Part of pelvic bone that lies horizontally in anatomical position

A

Pubis

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22
Q

The bone that articulates with ilium and ischium

A

Pubis

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23
Q

Major markings of pubis

A
  • superior and inferior rami
  • pubic crest
  • pubic tubercle
  • pubic arch
  • pubic symphysis
  • obturator foramen
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24
Q

Region of pelvis bounded by alae of the iliac bones

A

False pelvis

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25
Q

Bony pelvis that is inferior to the pelvic brim which defines birth canal

A

True pelvis

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26
Q

Angle of pubic arch in male

A

50-60

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27
Q

Angle of female pubic arch

A

80-90

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28
Q

Male of female:

  • Coccyx more movable and straighter
  • sacral promontory curvature accentuated
  • small and farther apart acetabula
  • lighter, thinner and smoother bone
A

Female

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29
Q

It is the sole of the thigh

A

Femure

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30
Q

Largest and strongest bone of the body

A

Femure

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31
Q

Give the articulates of femus

A
  • proximally: acetabulum forming the hip joint

- distally: tibia and patella forming the knee joint

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32
Q

Major markings of femur proximally

A
  • head
  • fovea capitis
  • greater & lesser trochanter
  • gluteal tuberosity
  • intertrochanteric line
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33
Q

Contribute to the stability of muscle tendons

A

Hip joint

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34
Q

Give the structures that chiefly stabilize the hip

A
  • shape of acetabulum
  • acetabulum labrum
  • ligamentum teres
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35
Q

Capsular ligaments that stabilize the hip

A
  • ischiofemoral
  • pubofemoral
  • iliofemoral
36
Q

What muscle contributes to the flexion and extension at the hip?

A
  • flexion: iliopsoas

- extension: gluteus maximus

37
Q

Level of vertebra that contributes to flexion and extension of hip

A

Flexion: L2,3,4
Extension: S1

38
Q

Degree of hip joint flexion

A

0-125

39
Q

Degree of hip joint rotation

A

0-45

40
Q

Degree of hip joint hyperextensio

A

0-15

41
Q

Degree of hip joint extension

A

115-0

42
Q

Degree of hip joint lateral rotation

A

0-45

43
Q

Degree of hip joint abduction

A

0-45

44
Q

Degree of hip joint adduction

A

45-0

45
Q

Level of vertebra that contributes to adduction at the hips

A

L2,3,4

46
Q

Level of vertebra that contributes to abduction of the hips

A

L4,5 S1

47
Q

What muscle contributes to the adduction at the hip?

A

Adductors

48
Q

What muscle contributes to the abduction at the hip?

A

Gluteus medius and minimus

49
Q

Major marking of femur distally and its shaft

A
  • later and medial conyles, epicondyles and supra condylar notch
  • line aspera
  • patellar surface
  • intercondar notch
50
Q

Largest triangular sesamoid bone

A

Patella

51
Q

Embedded in the tendon of quadriceps muscle

A

Patella

52
Q

The bone that is massive, medial part of the leg and receives the weight of the body from femur

A

Tibia

53
Q

stick-like lateral bone of the leg

A

Fibula

54
Q

It connects the tibia and fibula

A

Interosseous membrane

55
Q

Major marking of tibia proximally

A
  • medial and lateral condyles
  • tibial tuberosity
  • anterior crest
  • intercondylar eminence
56
Q

True or False:

Fibular contributes to knee joint

A

Fibula

57
Q

Largest and most complex joint that primarily acts as a hinge joint allowing flexion and extension movements

A

Knee joint

58
Q

It is structurally considered compund and bicondyloid

A

Knee joint

59
Q

Give the single joint cavity that surrounds the knee joint

A
  • patellofemoral

- medial and lateral tibiofemoral

60
Q

Covers the lateral aspect of the knee and covers tibial and femoral condyles

A

Capsule of the knee joint

61
Q

What covers the capsule of knee joint posteriorly?

A

Gastrocnemius

62
Q

Ligaments that cover the knee joint anteriorly

A
  • patellar

- medial and lateral retinacular

63
Q

Part of the knee joint that becomes taut and extended

A

Ligaments of knee joint

64
Q

Give the extracapsular ligaments

A
  • tibial (medial) collateral
  • fibular (lateral) collateral
  • oblique popliteal
  • arcuate popliteal
65
Q

Give the types of knee joint ligament

A

Extracapsular and intracaspsulat ligaments

66
Q

It enters the capsule of knee joint and attaches ti the lateral condyle of the femur and the lateral meniscus

A

Tendon of popliteus

67
Q

What is the main function of tibial and fibular collateral ligament

A
  • Medial and lateral stabilization to prevent the knee buckling inward
  • maintain a firm articulation
68
Q

Muscles that pass through the tibial ligament from top to downward

A
  • sartorius
  • gracillos
  • semitendinous
69
Q

A round cord like structure which is separated from the capsule of the knee joint

A

Fibular ligament

70
Q

Insets into the head of the fibula and it is surrounded by the tendon of biceps femoris muscle

A

Fibular ligament

71
Q

What is tensed by the tensor faciae latae?

A

Iliotibial tract

72
Q

An expansion of the tendon of semimembranous ligament which reinforces against torsional stress

A

Oblique popliteal ligament

73
Q

It arches upward and medially over the popliteous from the head of the fibula

A

Arcuate popliteal ligament

74
Q

Aka hindfoot

A

Tarsus

75
Q

Give the distal group in the tarsus

A
  • cuboid
  • medial
  • intermediate
  • lateral cuneiform
76
Q

It is organized in two rows with an intermediate bone between the two rows on the medial side

A

Tarsus

77
Q

Proximal groups of tarsus which carry body weight

A

calcaneus and talus

78
Q

Intermediate group of tarsus

A

Navicular

79
Q

Articulates of talus

A

Superiorly: tibia and fibula forming the ankle joint
Inferiorly: calcaneus forming the subtalar joint

80
Q

Latin word for ankle

A

Talus

81
Q

The most superior bone of the foot that sits in top of tibia and fibula and supported by the calcaneus

A

Talus

82
Q

Aka spring ligament

A

Calcaneonavicular ligament

83
Q

It connects the calcaneus under the head of the talus

A

Spring ligament

84
Q

Projects behind the ankle joint to form the skeletal framework of the heel

A

Calcaneus

85
Q

Aka calcaneal tendon

A

Achilles tendon

Anatomy (11 decks)

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