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USMLE Step Two > Endocrine Disorders > Flashcards

Endocrine Disorders Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

treatment for hypotensive patients with diabetes insipidus

A

normal saline

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2
Q

treatment for normotensive patients with diabetes insipidus

A

hypotonic saline (.45% saline or D5%)

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3
Q

17 alpha-hydroxylase deficiency

A

hypertension, hypokalemia, decreased sex hormones
XY: externally female, no internal structures
XX: externally female, normal internal structures, lacks secondary sex characteristics

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4
Q

21-hydroxylase deficiency

A

most common form
hypotension, hyperkalemia, increased renin
elevated 17-hydroxyprogesterone
masculinization, female pseudohermaphroditism

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5
Q

11 beta-hydroxylase deficiency

A

hypertension and masculinization

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6
Q

partial 21-hydroxylase deficiency

A

present in early adulthood with hyperandrogenism, not usually accompanied by salt wasting
increased levels of 17-hydroxyprogesterone, confirm with ACTH stimulation test

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7
Q

hypokalemia, alkalosis, normotensive blood pressure

urine chloride concentration is high

A

bartter syndrome
gitelman syndrome
diuretic abuse

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8
Q

most reliable indicator of metabolic recovery in patients with DKA

A

serum anion gap or arterial pH

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9
Q

acid/base status in primary hyperaldosteronism

A

metabolic acidosis
hypokalemia causes potassium to move out of cells into extracellular space, hydrogen ions then move into cells to maintain electrical neutrality

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10
Q

defective mineralization of bone

A

osteomalacia: vitamin D deficiency in adults

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11
Q

defective mineralization of bone and cartilage

A

rickets: vitamin D deficiency in children

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12
Q

disordered skeletal remodeling

A

paget’s disease

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13
Q

defective formation of collagen

A

osteogenesis imperfecta

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14
Q

low bone mass with normal mineralization

A

osteoporosis: low bone mass but bone is normally mineralized per unit volume

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15
Q

most common cause of death in patients with acromegaly

A

congestive heart failure

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16
Q

MEN2a syndrome

A

medullary thyroid cancer
pheochromocytoma
parathyroid adenoma

ret gene

17
Q

MEN2b syndrome

A

medullary thyroid cancer
pheochromocytoma
mucosal neuroma
marfinoid habitus

ret gene

18
Q

MEN1 syndrome

A

pituitary adenoma
parathyroid adenoma
pancreatic islet cell tumor

menin tumor suppressor gene

19
Q

treatment of pituitary adenoma

A

< 10 mm = microadenoma, treat with bromocriptine or cabergoline
surgery reserved for patients who do not respond to medication
radiation reserve for patients refractory still, as it has a slower response rate

20
Q

cause of hypertension in thyrotoxicosis

A

systolic hypertension caused by hyperdynamic circulation

21
Q

cause of hypertension in hypothyroidism

A

diastolic hypertension caused by increased systemic vascular resistance

22
Q

causes of thyrotoxicosis with low radioactive iodine uptake

A 
subacute painless thyroiditis
subacute granulomatous thyroiditis
iodine-induced thyroid toxicosis
levothyroxine overdose
struma ovarii
23
Q

myxedema madness

A

paranoia and hallucinations in hypothyroidism

24
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome with amyloid fibril deposition

A

amyloidosis secondary to end-stage renal disease or chronic hemodialysis

25
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome with tenosynovial inflammation

A

rheumatoid arthritis

26
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome with accumulation of matrix substances

A

hypothyroidism

27
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome with accumulation of fluid in the carpal tunnel

A

pregnancy related volume overload

28
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome with synovial tendon hyperplasia

A

acromegaly

29
Q

where DHEA is produced

A

ovaries and adrenals

30
Q

where DHEAS is produced

A

adrenals

31
Q

hypothyroid symptoms with elevated T3, T4, and normal TSH

A

generalized resistance to thyroid hormone

32
Q

hashimoto’s thyroiditis can lead to this type of malignancy

A

thyroid lymphoma

33
Q

treatment for diabetic neuropathy

A

amitriptylline

second line: TCAs may worsen urinary symptoms and orthostatic hypotension, so use gabapentin in these patients

34
Q

diagnostic test for acromegaly

A

measuring growth hormone following an oral glucose load

USMLE Step Two (17 decks)

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