Endocrine

Question 1

When assessing deep tendon reflexes on a patient with hypothyroidism, what might you find?

Answer 1

On examination, deep tendon reflexes are characteristically described as “hung-up” due to delayed muscle relaxation.

[From “Hypothyroid myopathy” on UpToDate]

Question 2

The delayed relaxation phase of a deep-tendon reflex is known as….

Answer 2

…Woltman’s sign.

[NEJM, October 2018, Images in Clinical Medicine, “Woltman’s Sign of Hypothyroidism”]

Question 3

Name the layers of the adrenal gland.

Answer 3

The cortex is made up of the following 3 layers: (remember GFR)
Zona Glomerulosa
Zona fasciculata
Zona reticularis

Medulla

Question 4

A hormone family is also known as an ____

Answer 4

axis

Question 5

Should the actual or the corrected serum sodium be used to calculate the anion gap in pts with DKA?

Answer 5

The ACTUAL measured serum sodium should be used.
Using the corrected sodium distorts the anion gap. Glucose is electrically neutral and does not affect the anion gap.

[From https://www.ccjm.org/content/68/8/673]

Question 6

Desmopressin (DDAVP) is a synthetic analog of ___________. It increases ______ ___ in renal tubular cells which increases water permeability, resulting in decreased urine volume and increased urine osmolality.

Answer 6

vasopressin

cyclic AMP