Endocrine Flashcards
exocrine signaling
short distance signaling
paracrine signaling
nearby cell communication (para is greek for side by side)(adjacent)
juxtacrine signaling
cells DIRECTLY in contact with one another
autocrine signaling
cell signaling to itself (auto is greek for self)
all nerve cells use…
paracrine signaling
Steroids pass through phosphorus bilayer…
easily
peptide hormones pass through phosphorus bilayer…
not easily
peptides are…
fast acting, short living (not long term)
Why are proteins short lived?
Degrades quick in cytoplasm
oxytocin
positive feedback mechanism (+ feedback are hard to control) (uterine contraction)
Peptide nemonic
INsane (most that end or start with -in in- are peptide hormones) (ADH is exception)
steroids take longer because
they go through the cellular membrane and also into the nucleus
which steroids can be permanent?
estrogen, testosterone
aldosterone
nephron regulator (raises blood pressure by messing with salt concentration)
steroids need…
carrier proteins, such as albumin
Steroids usually end in….
-one -ol -oid
Amino-acid derivatives end with?
-ine (amINE o acids)
aromatic rings mean?
non-polar
Aldosterone uses a ___ feedback loop
negative
oxytocin is stopped by…..
birth (oxytocin is a positive feedback loop, which controls uterine contractions)
positive feedback
final product stimulates formation of new product
ADH also known as…
Vasopressin (made by hypothalamus) (released by posterior pituitary)
Aldosterone is made in….
the adrenal glands (above the kidney)
ADH
always drilling holes (regulates blood osmolarity)
aldosterone does…
(low blood pressure or blood volume)
Good chart (take a look)
biggest glucose regulators in the body?
glucagon and insulin (both come from the pancreas)
Pancreas release nmemonic
Alpha glucagon
Beta insulin
Delta somatostatin
Both are alphabetical
What does insulin do?
Takes sugar out of the blood (burn up glucose or store for energy; as glycogen)
What does glucagon do?
When body does not have enough sugar, breaks down glycogen, which increases blood sugar
Cortisol released by?
Adrenal Cortex
epinephrine
sympathetic nervous system (adrenaline; comes from adrenals)
thyroxine
produced in thyroid; controls metabolism
calcitonin? What does it do?
reduces calcium in the blood (TONES it down)
Bones are made of?
Calcium and Phosphate
PTH (parathyroid hormone) does what?
Increases calcium
Vitamin D helps in the uptake in….
Calcium and Phosphate
osteoclasts
break down bone (osteokills)
osteoblasts
build bone (osteobuilds)
FLAT PEG
FSH
LH
ACTH
TSH
(Tropic Hormones)
Prolactin
Endoprhins
GH
(Direct Hormones)
Insulin is released by the…
pancreas
Pineal Gland
Melatonin (sleepy)
GnRH
Gonad Hormone from hypothalamus. Controls sexual development.
Estrogen ESTablished the….
uterine wall
Progesterone
Protects the uterine wall
Menstrual Cycle chart…take a look
