Endocrine

Question 1

exocrine signaling

Answer 1

short distance signaling

Question 2

paracrine signaling

Answer 2

nearby cell communication (para is greek for side by side)(adjacent)

Question 3

juxtacrine signaling

Answer 3

cells DIRECTLY in contact with one another

Question 4

autocrine signaling

Answer 4

cell signaling to itself (auto is greek for self)

Question 5

all nerve cells use…

Answer 5

paracrine signaling

Question 6

Steroids pass through phosphorus bilayer…

Answer 6

easily

Question 7

peptide hormones pass through phosphorus bilayer…

Answer 7

not easily

Question 8

peptides are…

Answer 8

fast acting, short living (not long term)

Question 9

Why are proteins short lived?

Answer 9

Degrades quick in cytoplasm

Question 10

oxytocin

Answer 10

positive feedback mechanism (+ feedback are hard to control) (uterine contraction)

Question 11

Peptide nemonic

Answer 11

INsane (most that end or start with -in in- are peptide hormones) (ADH is exception)

Question 12

steroids take longer because

Answer 12

they go through the cellular membrane and also into the nucleus

Question 13

which steroids can be permanent?

Answer 13

estrogen, testosterone

Question 14

aldosterone

Answer 14

nephron regulator (raises blood pressure by messing with salt concentration)

Question 15

steroids need…

Answer 15

carrier proteins, such as albumin

Question 16

Steroids usually end in….

Answer 16

-one -ol -oid

Question 17

Amino-acid derivatives end with?

Answer 17

-ine (amINE o acids)

Question 18

aromatic rings mean?

Answer 18

non-polar

Question 19

Aldosterone uses a ___ feedback loop

Answer 19

negative

Question 20

oxytocin is stopped by…..

Answer 20

birth (oxytocin is a positive feedback loop, which controls uterine contractions)

Question 21

positive feedback

Answer 21

final product stimulates formation of new product

Question 22

ADH also known as…

Answer 22

Vasopressin (made by hypothalamus) (released by posterior pituitary)

Question 23

Aldosterone is made in….

Answer 23

the adrenal glands (above the kidney)

Question 24

ADH

Answer 24

always drilling holes (regulates blood osmolarity)

Question 25

aldosterone does…

Answer 25

(low blood pressure or blood volume)

Question 26

Good chart (take a look)

Answer 26

Question 27

biggest glucose regulators in the body?

Answer 27

glucagon and insulin (both come from the pancreas)

Question 28

Pancreas release nmemonic

Answer 28

Alpha glucagon
Beta insulin
Delta somatostatin

Both are alphabetical

Question 29

What does insulin do?

Answer 29

Takes sugar out of the blood (burn up glucose or store for energy; as glycogen)

Question 30

What does glucagon do?

Answer 30

When body does not have enough sugar, breaks down glycogen, which increases blood sugar

Question 31

Cortisol released by?

Answer 31

Adrenal Cortex

Question 32

epinephrine

Answer 32

sympathetic nervous system (adrenaline; comes from adrenals)

Question 33

thyroxine

Answer 33

produced in thyroid; controls metabolism

Question 34

calcitonin? What does it do?

Answer 34

reduces calcium in the blood (TONES it down)

Question 35

Bones are made of?

Answer 35

Calcium and Phosphate

Question 36

PTH (parathyroid hormone) does what?

Answer 36

Increases calcium

Question 37

Vitamin D helps in the uptake in….

Answer 37

Calcium and Phosphate

Question 38

osteoclasts

Answer 38

break down bone (osteokills)

Question 39

osteoblasts

Answer 39

build bone (osteobuilds)

Question 40

FLAT PEG

Answer 40

FSH

LH

ACTH

TSH

(Tropic Hormones)

Prolactin

Endoprhins

GH

(Direct Hormones)

Question 41

Insulin is released by the…

Answer 41

pancreas

Question 42

Pineal Gland

Answer 42

Melatonin (sleepy)

Question 43

GnRH

Answer 43

Gonad Hormone from hypothalamus. Controls sexual development.

Question 44

Estrogen ESTablished the….

Answer 44

uterine wall

Question 45

Progesterone

Answer 45

Protects the uterine wall

Question 46

Menstrual Cycle chart…take a look

Answer 46