Endocrine Flashcards
THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
hormones? Two types?
Chemical messengers that act on target cells
Steroid hormones -made of cholesterol (lipid) -insoluble in water -carried in blood, released by target cell -bind to receptors in cytoplasm Ex.estrogen
Protein hormones -made of amino acids of varying lengths -include insulin/growth hormone -bund to receptor on cell membrane Ex. THS
THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Pituitary gland location?
Role?
Base of brain, pituitary stalk(infundibulum) attached to hypothalamus, consists of anterior and posteriors pituitary
Posterior lobe store and release hormones (ADH, oxytocin) synthesized in hypothalamus
Anterior lobe produces own hormones
Hormone release regulated by hypothalamus
THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
made up of? That?
Regulates?
Major glands?
Glands, produce/secrete hormones (chemical messenger)
Metabolism, growth, sexual development
Involved in response to stress/injury
Involved in maintaining homeostasis
Hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal glands, pineal body, reproductive organs, pancreas
THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
control of metabolism- the thyroid?
Small gland inside the neck
Located in front of the trachea
Hormones control metabolism, which is the body’s ability to break down food and store as energy
THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
thyroid hormones?
Thyroxine (T4) tri-iodothyronine (T3)- both increase rate at which cells release energy from carbs, fats and proteins
Calcitonin regulates the blood concentration of calcium by causing calcium to be taken up by bones
THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Thyroid disorders?
Hypothyroidism?
Hyperthyroidism?
Thyroid hormone made partly of iodine, essential for creation of thyroxin. Not enough iodine and can’t make thyroid hormones.
Too little thyroid hormones , constant TSH release=goiter
Stunted growth, slow mental processing, sluggishness, weight gain in adults
Restlessness, weight loss, anxiety, bulging eyes
THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
control of calcium- parathyroid glands?
Parathyroid hormone?
Located behind the thyroid
Four tiny glands help maintain calcium/phosphorus levels
Parathyroid hormone takes calcium from the bones to make it available in the blood
THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM stress response- adrenal glands? Outer portion? Inner portion? Hormones of adrenal medulla? Hormones of adrenal cortex?
Two organs one on each kidney
Adrenal cortex
Adrenal medulla
Epinephrine and norepinephrine increase heart rate, breathing and elevated blood pressure (fight or flight)
Aldosterone- helps kidneys conserve sodium and excrete potassium, maintaining blood pressure
Cortisol- keeps blood glucose levels stable by increasing level of glucose
Adrenal sex hormones- androgen and estrogen
THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
controlling blood sugar- the pancreas?
Hormones of pancreas?
Large gland behind stomachs
Contains cells called the islets of langerhaans, secretes glucagon and insulin
Glucagon- stimulate liver to break down glycogen, raises blood sugar
Insulin- decrease blood sugar, affects uptake of glucose by cells
THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
stress response- adrenal glands- disorders?
Cushings disease- blood glucose remains high, retain to much sodium, puffy skin, men traits in women
Addison’s disease- decrease blood sodium, dehydration, low blood pressure, increased skin pigment
THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
controlling blood sugar- the pancreas-disorders?
Diabetes mellitus- from insulin deficiency, blood sugar rises excess excreted in urine
Diabetes 1- insulin dependant, often from inherited immune disorder that destroys pancreatic cells
Diabetes 2- often overweight, can be controlled with diet and exercise
