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Emergency Care > EMT Chapters 19, 18, & 21 > Flashcards

EMT Chapters 19, 18, & 21 Flashcards

0
Q

Wheezing is…

A

Narrowed airways

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1
Q

What is a symptom of both pulmonary edema and pneumonia?

A

Crackles

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2
Q

Stridor is…

A

Partial airway obstruction

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3
Q

What sound is stridor?

A

High pitched on inspiration

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4
Q

What diseases fall under COPD?

A

Emphysema and chronic bronchitis

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5
Q

Emphysema is destruction of ____ _____.

A

Alveolar sacs

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6
Q

Emphysema decreases what?

A

Surface area of alveolar sacs

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7
Q

_____ _____ is known as pink puffer because of their pursed lips.

A

Emphysema patients

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8
Q

What device is used on pulmonary edema?

A

CPAP

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9
Q

Which COPD produces a productive cough?

A

Chronic bronchitis

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10
Q

_______ is high CO2 levels

A

Hypercapnia

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11
Q

Asthma is an ____ disease

A

Episodic

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12
Q

What is the order of progression of asthmatics?

A

i) expiration wheezing
ii) inspiration and expiration wheezing
iii) silent

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13
Q

Asthmatics have a ____ couch.

A

Nonproductive

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14
Q

Pulmonary edema is a result of what?

A

Left sided heart failure.

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15
Q

What is a spontaneous pneumothorax?

A

A collapsed lung.

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16
Q

What are some signs and symptoms of a spontaneous pneumothorax?

A

Unilateral lung sounds
Deviated trachea
Unequal chest rise

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17
Q

What is hemoptysis?

A

Coughing up blood

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18
Q

What is hematemesis?

A

Vomiting blood

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19
Q

What is the function of beta blockers

A

They slow the heart rate

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20
Q

Nitroglycerin does what?

A

Reduces preload and decreases pressure

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21
Q

Sudden death occurs _____ after the onset of symptoms

A

2 hours

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22
Q

When examining the abdomen check for…

A

Distension and and rigidity

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23
Q

What do you check for when examining the neck?

A

JVD and medical tag

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24
What are the 5 patient rights?
``` Right patient Right time Right medication Right dose Right route ```
25
What are examples of opioids?
Heroine Morphine Phentanyl Oxycodone
26
ALOC is an acronym that mean…
Altered Level of Consciousness
27
What is AEIOU?
``` A - Alcohol E - Environment/Epilepsy I - Insulin O - Overdose U - Uremia ```
28
What is TIPS?
T - trauma I - infection P - psychosis S - stroke
29
AEIOU- TIPS is what?
``` A - alcohol/anoxia E - environment/epilepsy I - Insulin O - overdose U - uremia ``` T - trauma I - infection P - psychosis S - stroke
30
What is uremia?
Kidney failure
31
What is the most common cause of AMS?
Hypoxia/hypercapnia
32
What is the function of dialysis?
It medically removes toxins from blood.
33
What organ in the body produces insulin?
Pancreas
34
What structure in the pancreas produces insulin?
Islets of Langerhan
35
What are four causes of hypoglycemia?
Bad diet No insulin regulation Increased exercise Increased vomiting
36
What are 3 causes of hyperglycemia?
Too much glucose intake Not enough insulin Infection
37
What are the signs of hyperglycemia?
Dehydration Excessive thirst Drowsiness Excessive urination
38
What are the signs of hypoglycemia?
``` Grumpy Combative Dizzy Sweaty Shaky Moody Tiredness Blurred vision ```
39
What is DKA?
Diabetic ketoacidosis
40
Which type of diabetics is DKA is most common in?
Type one
41
What is the most common cause of diabetic ketoacidosis?
Infection
42
Explain diabetic ketoacidosis?
It is when muscles use fats for fuel instead of glucose and ketones are produced as a byproduct making the body acidic.
43
What are ketones?
Acids produced when the body uses fats for fuel
44
What byproduct is produced when the body uses fats for fuel?
Ketones
45
What is acidosis?
When ketones build up in the blood.
46
What is the onset time of diabetic ketoacidosis?
4-10 hours
47
What type of respirations do diabetic ketoacidosis patients have?
Kussmal respirations
48
What is the normal ph range of a healthy human?
7.35-7.45
49
Where do physicians normally find ketones?
In urination
50
What are kussmal respirations?
Fast, deep, gasping
51
What does a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis look like?
``` Polyuria Dehydration High blood glucose Tachycardia Kussmal respirations ```
52
What is AVPU?
Alert Verbal stimulus Painful stimulus Unresponsive
53
What is the cause of seizures?
Abnormal electrical activity in the brain?
54
Which seizure effects one part/side of the body?
Partial seizure
55
What seizures are partial seizures?
Focal motor & Jacksonian March seizures
56
Focal motor and Jacksonian March seizures are which type?
Partial seizures
57
Name the phases of generalized grand mal seizures?
``` Aura Tonic phase Clonic phase Post ichtal phase Lucid ```
58
What phase in a grand mal seizure exhibits rigid stiffness?
Tonic phase
59
what phase of a grand mal seizure exhibits jerking activity?
Clinic phase
60
Which seizure is brief and shows no motor activity?
Petit mal seizures
61
Which type of seizure occurs in children ages 6 months to 3 years?
Febrile
62
In which phase of a grand mal seizure is the patient combative/confused?
Post ichtal phase
63
What is a person who has multiple seizures?
Epilepsy
64
Multiple seizures from an unknown cause is what?
Idopathic
65
A patient who has ______ _______ has multiple seizures without a lucid interval.
Status epilepticus
66
What is loss of bladder/bowel control?
Incontinence
67
What are the two types of strokes?
Ischemic & hemorrhagic
68
Majority of strokes are _____.
Ischemic
69
What causes ischemic stokes?
A clot or embolus
70
What are two causes of hemorrhagic stroke?
Cerebral aneurysm | Long standing HTN
71
What are warning sings of a stroke?
Sudden numbness/weakness Sudden confusion, trouble speaking, seeing, walking Sudden loss of balance/dizziness Sudden severe headache of unknown cause
72
How do you assess a stroke?
Cincinnati stroke scale
73
What is an important question to ask a potential stroke patient?
When was the last time he/she/you were normal?
74
What is TIA?
Transient Ischemic Attack
75
The symptoms of a TIA usually resolve in _________?
24 hours
76
____ of TIA patients will have a stroke within ____ of TIA.
40% ; 2 days

Emergency Care (8 decks)

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