EMT Chapters 19, 18, & 21 Flashcards
Wheezing is…
Narrowed airways
What is a symptom of both pulmonary edema and pneumonia?
Crackles
Stridor is…
Partial airway obstruction
What sound is stridor?
High pitched on inspiration
What diseases fall under COPD?
Emphysema and chronic bronchitis
Emphysema is destruction of ____ _____.
Alveolar sacs
Emphysema decreases what?
Surface area of alveolar sacs
_____ _____ is known as pink puffer because of their pursed lips.
Emphysema patients
What device is used on pulmonary edema?
CPAP
Which COPD produces a productive cough?
Chronic bronchitis
_______ is high CO2 levels
Hypercapnia
Asthma is an ____ disease
Episodic
What is the order of progression of asthmatics?
i) expiration wheezing
ii) inspiration and expiration wheezing
iii) silent
Asthmatics have a ____ couch.
Nonproductive
Pulmonary edema is a result of what?
Left sided heart failure.
What is a spontaneous pneumothorax?
A collapsed lung.
What are some signs and symptoms of a spontaneous pneumothorax?
Unilateral lung sounds
Deviated trachea
Unequal chest rise
What is hemoptysis?
Coughing up blood
What is hematemesis?
Vomiting blood
What is the function of beta blockers
They slow the heart rate
Nitroglycerin does what?
Reduces preload and decreases pressure
Sudden death occurs _____ after the onset of symptoms
2 hours
When examining the abdomen check for…
Distension and and rigidity
What do you check for when examining the neck?
JVD and medical tag
What are the 5 patient rights?
Right patient Right time Right medication Right dose Right route
What are examples of opioids?
Heroine
Morphine
Phentanyl
Oxycodone
ALOC is an acronym that mean…
Altered Level of Consciousness
What is AEIOU?
A - Alcohol E - Environment/Epilepsy I - Insulin O - Overdose U - Uremia
What is TIPS?
T - trauma
I - infection
P - psychosis
S - stroke
AEIOU- TIPS is what?
A - alcohol/anoxia E - environment/epilepsy I - Insulin O - overdose U - uremia
T - trauma
I - infection
P - psychosis
S - stroke
What is uremia?
Kidney failure
What is the most common cause of AMS?
Hypoxia/hypercapnia
What is the function of dialysis?
It medically removes toxins from blood.
What organ in the body produces insulin?
Pancreas
What structure in the pancreas produces insulin?
Islets of Langerhan
What are four causes of hypoglycemia?
Bad diet
No insulin regulation
Increased exercise
Increased vomiting
What are 3 causes of hyperglycemia?
Too much glucose intake
Not enough insulin
Infection
What are the signs of hyperglycemia?
Dehydration
Excessive thirst
Drowsiness
Excessive urination
What are the signs of hypoglycemia?
Grumpy Combative Dizzy Sweaty Shaky Moody Tiredness Blurred vision
What is DKA?
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Which type of diabetics is DKA is most common in?
Type one
What is the most common cause of diabetic ketoacidosis?
Infection
Explain diabetic ketoacidosis?
It is when muscles use fats for fuel instead of glucose and ketones are produced as a byproduct making the body acidic.
What are ketones?
Acids produced when the body uses fats for fuel
What byproduct is produced when the body uses fats for fuel?
Ketones
What is acidosis?
When ketones build up in the blood.
What is the onset time of diabetic ketoacidosis?
4-10 hours
What type of respirations do diabetic ketoacidosis patients have?
Kussmal respirations
What is the normal ph range of a healthy human?
7.35-7.45
Where do physicians normally find ketones?
In urination
What are kussmal respirations?
Fast, deep, gasping
What does a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis look like?
Polyuria Dehydration High blood glucose Tachycardia Kussmal respirations
What is AVPU?
Alert
Verbal stimulus
Painful stimulus
Unresponsive
What is the cause of seizures?
Abnormal electrical activity in the brain?
Which seizure effects one part/side of the body?
Partial seizure
What seizures are partial seizures?
Focal motor & Jacksonian March seizures
Focal motor and Jacksonian March seizures are which type?
Partial seizures
Name the phases of generalized grand mal seizures?
Aura Tonic phase Clonic phase Post ichtal phase Lucid
What phase in a grand mal seizure exhibits rigid stiffness?
Tonic phase
what phase of a grand mal seizure exhibits jerking activity?
Clinic phase
Which seizure is brief and shows no motor activity?
Petit mal seizures
Which type of seizure occurs in children ages 6 months to 3 years?
Febrile
In which phase of a grand mal seizure is the patient combative/confused?
Post ichtal phase
What is a person who has multiple seizures?
Epilepsy
Multiple seizures from an unknown cause is what?
Idopathic
A patient who has ______ _______ has multiple seizures without a lucid interval.
Status epilepticus
What is loss of bladder/bowel control?
Incontinence
What are the two types of strokes?
Ischemic & hemorrhagic
Majority of strokes are _____.
Ischemic
What causes ischemic stokes?
A clot or embolus
What are two causes of hemorrhagic stroke?
Cerebral aneurysm
Long standing HTN
What are warning sings of a stroke?
Sudden numbness/weakness
Sudden confusion, trouble speaking, seeing, walking
Sudden loss of balance/dizziness
Sudden severe headache of unknown cause
How do you assess a stroke?
Cincinnati stroke scale
What is an important question to ask a potential stroke patient?
When was the last time he/she/you were normal?
What is TIA?
Transient Ischemic Attack
The symptoms of a TIA usually resolve in _________?
24 hours
____ of TIA patients will have a stroke within ____ of TIA.
40% ; 2 days
