EMT Chapter 2,3, & 12 Flashcards
To be infected by something, you would have to have been ______ to it.
Exposed
PPE stands for…
Personal protective equipment
What are two modes of transmission of infectious diseases?
Airborne & bloodborne
Give an example of an airborne communicable disease.
Tuberculosis
What are two bloodborne communicable disease?
Hepatitis & HIV
What is the chain of infection?
Infectious agent reservoir Port of exit Mode of transmission Portal of entry Susceptible host
Cough and via skin are two examples of which chain of infection?
Portal of exit
Bloodborne and airborne are two examples of what chain of infection?
Mode of transmission
Via skin and inhaling are examples of what chain of infection?
Portal of entry
What makes a susceptible host?
Low immune system or body not healthy
What does HEPA stand for?
High Efficiency Particulate Air
High efficiency particulate air is what?
HEPA mask
What PPE do you need to wear if your patient informs you that he/she has tuberculosis?
High efficiency particulate air mask
What communicable disease is has a fecal- oral mode of transmission?
Hepatitis A
Does hepatitis A have a vaccine?
Yes.
What form of hepatitis does not have a vaccine?
Hepatitis C
True or false: all forms hepatitis are bloodborne
False. Hepatitis A is fecal- oral.
True or false: all forms of hepatitis have vaccines.
False. Hepatitis C does not have a vaccine.
What is a viral load?
How many viruses are in a load of exposure.
What is the primary oral virus?
Tuberculosis
HIV affects the body how?
By lowering the number of CD4 cells. (T-Cells)
what are the three types of stress?
Acute, delayed, and cumulative
PTSD is a form of what kind of stress?
Delayed
Burn-out is an example of which kind of stress?
Cumulative
What type of stress is common in medics?
Burn-out (cumulative)
What are two coping methods?
CISD & CISM
CISD is an acronym that means what?
Critical incident stress debriefing
CISM is an acronym that means what?
Critical incident stress management
What must be proven for a medic to be charged with negligence?
- Must have a duty to act
- Must breach that duty
- Must have damages that resulted from duty breach
- Must be some causal connection from duty breach.
What are the two types of consent for treatment?
Expressed & Implied
How do you know if someone is competent enough to refuse?
A + O x 4 (alert and oriented x rule questions)
What is PPTP?
Person, place, time, purpose
What is 5150?
72 hour mental hold
What must there be to grant a refusal?
Must be at least 18
Must be oriented
Must be informed
Must get at least 3 no’s
What is HIPAA?
Health information portability and accountability act
Disclosing patient information is a direct violation of what?
HIPAA
In order to avoid abandonment, you must ______ ______.
Transfer care
DNR is an acronym that stands for what?
Do not resuscitate
MOST is an acronym that means what?
Medical Orders for Scope of Treatment
When do you not perform CPR/ALS?
Clinical deaths, rigor mortis, dependent lividity, blunt forced trauma, body decomposition, injury not compatible with life
What is the stiffening of the body post mortal
Rigor mortis
Heart not beating and not breathing is what?
Clinical death
What is a pool of blood inside the body post mortal?
Dependent lividity
Decapitation is an example of what?
Injury not compatible with life
How long after the patient heart stops beating do you have to perform CPR/ALS before the patient is brain dead?
4-6 minutes
Outward signs on what is happening on the inside of the body is defined as what?
Vital signs
The initial sets of vital signs are defined as what?
Baseline vital signs
What are the top three vital signs taken by medics?
Systolic and diastolic blood pressure
Pulse rate
Respiratory rate
How often do you check vitals on a stable patient?
Every 15 minutes
How often do you take vitals on an unstable patient?
Every 5 minutes or upon significant change
Where is the most common place medics use to find a pulse?
Radial
What type of pulse is used for blood pressures?
Brachial
What is the term for the pulse found in your neck?
Carotid
What is the term for the pulse found in the groin?
Femoral
What is the term for the pulse found in the back of the knee?
Posterior tibialis
What is the term for the pulse found in the front of the foot?
Dorsalis pedis
If the patient is unresponsive what pulse do medics usually check?
Carotid
What size cuff do you use for your patient when taking blood pressure?
A cuff that is 2/3 the size of the arm
What is the standard for a “normal” blood pressure?
120/80
What type of patients most often have shunts?
Dialysis patients
What is the standard for “normal” respiration?
12-16 breaths per minute
What is the standard for a “normal” blood glucose level?
90-120 or 80-110
What is oxygen saturation?
The percent of oxygen bonded to hemoglobin in the body.
What are the three types of pupils?
Dilated
Constricted
Unequal
When testing a patients skin, what are you looking for?
Color, moisture, temperature
What organization is over EMS?
US department of transportation
What was the effect of “Accidental Death and Disability: The Neglected Disease of Modern Society” on EMS?
It was the “white paper” that improved ambulance systems, training and provision of care.
What year was the National Registry of EMT established?
1970
What is medical direction requirement a standard of?
The Technical Assistance Program Assessment Standards
What organization provides the standards for EMS systems?
The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
What is an example of high risk activities of EMT with regard to patient safety?
Carrying and moving patients
What is one way an EMT can work toward quality care?
Maintaining equipment
What is the name of the program that EMS services should establish in order to better access the ongoing efficiency of care they are rendering to patients?
Quality improvement
What establishes procedures by which emergency response workers may find out if they have been exposed to life threatening infectious diseases?
Ryan White CARE Act
What does the acronym TST stand for?
Tuberculosis Skin Test
In what stage of the general adaptation syndrome is an EMT when she had adapted to a stimulus and it no longer produces stress for her?
Resistance
Which of the following, statistically, causes the most deaths in EMS?
Air medical crashes
What is not necessary to respond to danger?
Evacuate
What is the primary rule when dealing with a hazardous material incident?
Maintain a safe distance from the source of the hazardous material
What vital sign may the EMT observe without any contact with the patient?
Respirations
Normal breathing rates in children are…
25 to 50 breaths per minute
You are reaching for the pediatric BP cuff when you note that your 9 year old patient has become cyanotic. What should you do?
Repeat primary assessment
What vital sign can best indicate the presence of early compensated shock?
Pulse
What is considered a normal set of vital signs for a 7 year old patient?
Pulse 90; Respirations 24; BP 112/70
The pressure wave generated by the contraction of the left ventricle is called…
A pulse
