EMT Chapters 13,17,27,15,16 Flashcards
What is the steps of assessment of a trauma patient with no significant mechanism of injury?
- Immobilize spine
- Consider ALS
- Perform rapid assessment
- Get baseline vitals
- Get PMH
For a trauma patient with no significant mechanism of injury, what are the steps for assessment?
After the scene size up,
- determine chief complaint & info on injury
- Perform secondary assessment (expose/auscultate/palpate)
- Assess baseline vitals
- Obtain PMH
- Treat injury.
What is cardiac tamponade?
Muffled heart sounds.
What is DCAP BTLS?
Deformities
Contusions
Abrasions
Penetrations/punctures
Burns
Tenderness
Lacerations
Swelling
What are contusions?
Bruising (internal bleeding)
What are abrasions?
“road rash”
When checking the head durning a rapid trauma assessment, what are you looking for?
DCAP BTLS, Raccoon eyes, battle signs, odors, PUPILS
When checking the neck during a rapid trauma assessment, what are you looking for?
DCAP BTLS, deviated trachea, JVD, Spinal alignment.
What do you do immediately after examining the neck during a rapid trauma assessment?
Place C Collar.
What is hypovolemia?
Low blood volume
When checking the chest during a rapid trauma assessment, what are you looking for?
DCAP BTLS, flail chest
What do you do immediately after checking the chest during a rapid trauma assessment?
Auscultate lung sounds
When checking the abdomen during a rapid trauma assessment, what are you looking for?
DCAP BTLS, tenderness/rigidity, pulsating masses
What is a pulsating mass in the abdomen a sign of?
Abdominal aortic aneurysm
When checking the pelvis during a rapid trauma assessment, what are you looking for?
DCAP BTLS, incontinence, priapism, stability
Priapism and incontinence is a sign of what?
Spinal cord injury
When checking the extremities during a rapid trauma assessment, what are you looking for?
DCAP BTLS, PMS-C
When do you check PMS-C on a trauma patient?
Before and after movement of the patient.
What is PMS-C?
Pulse
Motor
Sensory
Capillary Refill
When checking the back during a rapid trauma assessment, what are you looking for?
DCAP BTLS, spinal alignment
Immediately after examining the back of a trauma patient, what procedure is done
Secure patient to backboard
What follows the rapid trauma exam of a trauma patient?
Detailed physical exam and treatment of non life threatening injuries
What is SVR?
Systemic Vascular Resistance
Blood pressure = what?
Cardiac output • SVR
Arteries have the ability to _____ and ____ whereas veins have ______ to control blood flow.
Constrict and dilate; valves
Arterial blood is high in _____ whereas venous blood is high in _____.
Arterial - oxygen
Venous - carbon dioxide
What type of bleeding is most difficult to control?
Arterial bleeds
In order, what are the methods for bleeding control?
Direct pressure
Elevate the wound
Apply pressure dressing
Tourniquet
How do hemp static agents work to control bleeding?
They clump like kitty litter and absorb RBCs.
What is epistaxis?
Nosebleed
What are other ways of controlling bleeding?
Splinting
Cold application
Pneumatic anti-shock garment
What is PASG?
Pneumatic Anti-Shock Garment
Why do we not control the bleeding on a head injury?
We may increase the intracranial pressure.
What is herniation?
When the brain oozes into the formen magnum.
What is the term that means vomiting blood?
Hematemesis
What is the term that means coughing up blood?
Hemoptysis
What are signs of internal bleeding?
Injury to surface Contusions, swelling, or deformities Bleeding from orifice Tender, rigid, distended abdomen Hematemesis
How much blood can a patient lose in the abdomen/thorax?
Approx. 3 liters
How much blood can a patient lose in the pelvis?
Approx. 1.5 to 6 liters
How much blood can a patient lose in the femur?
Approx. 1.5 liters
What is the definition of shock?
Inadequate tissue profusion.
What happens in the body when a patient goes into shock?
Fight or flight responses are triggered
Epi and norepi are released
What is the body’s response to shock?
⬆️ HR ⬆️ RR ⬆️ PR Skins: pale cool and diaphoretic Nauseated/vomiting Thirsty
What are causes of shock?
Problems with the heart, vessels, or blood
What are the types of shock?
Hypovolemic and hemorrhagic shock
What are the three subtypes of shock?
Neurogenic
Anaphylactic
Cardiogenic
What are the three categories of shock?
Compensated
Decompensated
Irreversible
What are signs of compensated shock?
BP is normal ⬆️ HR ⬆️ RR skins: pale/cool Generalized weakness Anxious and restless
What are signs of decompensated shock?
⬇️ BP loss of peripheral pulses ⬇️RR Altered mental status Dilated pupils
What is UNK?
Unknown
What is PTA?
Prior to arrival
What is NKA?
No known allergies
What is CHART?
Chief complaint History Assessment Rx - treatment Transport
What is SOAP?
Subjective (relative)
Objective (facts)
Assessment
Plan
What is SBAR?
Situation
Background
Assessment
Recommendation
During a hospital call-in what occurs?
Identify yourself
Describe patient
Repeat any orders
