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Emergency Care > EMT Chapters 13,17,27,15,16 > Flashcards

EMT Chapters 13,17,27,15,16 Flashcards

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0
Q

What is the steps of assessment of a trauma patient with no significant mechanism of injury?

A
  1. Immobilize spine
  2. Consider ALS
  3. Perform rapid assessment
  4. Get baseline vitals
  5. Get PMH
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1
Q

For a trauma patient with no significant mechanism of injury, what are the steps for assessment?

A

After the scene size up,

  1. determine chief complaint & info on injury
  2. Perform secondary assessment (expose/auscultate/palpate)
  3. Assess baseline vitals
  4. Obtain PMH
  5. Treat injury.
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2
Q

What is cardiac tamponade?

A

Muffled heart sounds.

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3
Q

What is DCAP BTLS?

A

Deformities
Contusions
Abrasions
Penetrations/punctures

Burns
Tenderness
Lacerations
Swelling

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4
Q

What are contusions?

A

Bruising (internal bleeding)

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5
Q

What are abrasions?

A

“road rash”

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6
Q

When checking the head durning a rapid trauma assessment, what are you looking for?

A

DCAP BTLS, Raccoon eyes, battle signs, odors, PUPILS

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7
Q

When checking the neck during a rapid trauma assessment, what are you looking for?

A

DCAP BTLS, deviated trachea, JVD, Spinal alignment.

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8
Q

What do you do immediately after examining the neck during a rapid trauma assessment?

A

Place C Collar.

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9
Q

What is hypovolemia?

A

Low blood volume

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10
Q

When checking the chest during a rapid trauma assessment, what are you looking for?

A

DCAP BTLS, flail chest

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11
Q

What do you do immediately after checking the chest during a rapid trauma assessment?

A

Auscultate lung sounds

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12
Q

When checking the abdomen during a rapid trauma assessment, what are you looking for?

A

DCAP BTLS, tenderness/rigidity, pulsating masses

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13
Q

What is a pulsating mass in the abdomen a sign of?

A

Abdominal aortic aneurysm

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14
Q

When checking the pelvis during a rapid trauma assessment, what are you looking for?

A

DCAP BTLS, incontinence, priapism, stability

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15
Q

Priapism and incontinence is a sign of what?

A

Spinal cord injury

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16
Q

When checking the extremities during a rapid trauma assessment, what are you looking for?

A

DCAP BTLS, PMS-C

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17
Q

When do you check PMS-C on a trauma patient?

A

Before and after movement of the patient.

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18
Q

What is PMS-C?

A

Pulse
Motor
Sensory
Capillary Refill

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19
Q

When checking the back during a rapid trauma assessment, what are you looking for?

A

DCAP BTLS, spinal alignment

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20
Q

Immediately after examining the back of a trauma patient, what procedure is done

A

Secure patient to backboard

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21
Q

What follows the rapid trauma exam of a trauma patient?

A

Detailed physical exam and treatment of non life threatening injuries

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22
Q

What is SVR?

A

Systemic Vascular Resistance

23
Q

Blood pressure = what?

A

Cardiac output • SVR

24
Q

Arteries have the ability to _____ and ____ whereas veins have ______ to control blood flow.

A

Constrict and dilate; valves

25
Q

Arterial blood is high in _____ whereas venous blood is high in _____.

A

Arterial - oxygen

Venous - carbon dioxide

26
Q

What type of bleeding is most difficult to control?

A

Arterial bleeds

27
Q

In order, what are the methods for bleeding control?

A

Direct pressure
Elevate the wound
Apply pressure dressing
Tourniquet

28
Q

How do hemp static agents work to control bleeding?

A

They clump like kitty litter and absorb RBCs.

29
Q

What is epistaxis?

A

Nosebleed

30
Q

What are other ways of controlling bleeding?

A

Splinting
Cold application
Pneumatic anti-shock garment

31
Q

What is PASG?

A

Pneumatic Anti-Shock Garment

32
Q

Why do we not control the bleeding on a head injury?

A

We may increase the intracranial pressure.

33
Q

What is herniation?

A

When the brain oozes into the formen magnum.

34
Q

What is the term that means vomiting blood?

A

Hematemesis

35
Q

What is the term that means coughing up blood?

A

Hemoptysis

36
Q

What are signs of internal bleeding?

A 
Injury to surface
Contusions, swelling, or deformities
Bleeding from orifice 
Tender, rigid, distended abdomen
Hematemesis
37
Q

How much blood can a patient lose in the abdomen/thorax?

A

Approx. 3 liters

38
Q

How much blood can a patient lose in the pelvis?

A

Approx. 1.5 to 6 liters

39
Q

How much blood can a patient lose in the femur?

A

Approx. 1.5 liters

40
Q

What is the definition of shock?

A

Inadequate tissue profusion.

41
Q

What happens in the body when a patient goes into shock?

A

Fight or flight responses are triggered

Epi and norepi are released

42
Q

What is the body’s response to shock?

A 
⬆️ HR
⬆️ RR
⬆️ PR
Skins: pale cool and diaphoretic
Nauseated/vomiting 
Thirsty
43
Q

What are causes of shock?

A

Problems with the heart, vessels, or blood

44
Q

What are the types of shock?

A

Hypovolemic and hemorrhagic shock

45
Q

What are the three subtypes of shock?

A

Neurogenic
Anaphylactic
Cardiogenic

46
Q

What are the three categories of shock?

A

Compensated
Decompensated
Irreversible

47
Q

What are signs of compensated shock?

A 
BP is normal
⬆️ HR
⬆️ RR
skins: pale/cool
Generalized weakness
Anxious and restless
48
Q

What are signs of decompensated shock?

A 
⬇️ BP
loss of peripheral pulses
⬇️RR
Altered mental status
Dilated pupils
49
Q

What is UNK?

A

Unknown

50
Q

What is PTA?

A

Prior to arrival

51
Q

What is NKA?

A

No known allergies

52
Q

What is CHART?

A 
Chief complaint
History
Assessment
Rx - treatment
Transport
53
Q

What is SOAP?

A

Subjective (relative)
Objective (facts)
Assessment
Plan

54
Q

What is SBAR?

A

Situation
Background
Assessment
Recommendation

55
Q

During a hospital call-in what occurs?

A

Identify yourself
Describe patient
Repeat any orders

Emergency Care (8 decks)

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