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Emergency Care > EMT Chapters 13,17,27,15,16 > Flashcards

EMT Chapters 13,17,27,15,16 Flashcards

0
Q

What is the steps of assessment of a trauma patient with no significant mechanism of injury?

A
  1. Immobilize spine
  2. Consider ALS
  3. Perform rapid assessment
  4. Get baseline vitals
  5. Get PMH
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1
Q

For a trauma patient with no significant mechanism of injury, what are the steps for assessment?

A

After the scene size up,

  1. determine chief complaint & info on injury
  2. Perform secondary assessment (expose/auscultate/palpate)
  3. Assess baseline vitals
  4. Obtain PMH
  5. Treat injury.
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2
Q

What is cardiac tamponade?

A

Muffled heart sounds.

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3
Q

What is DCAP BTLS?

A

Deformities
Contusions
Abrasions
Penetrations/punctures

Burns
Tenderness
Lacerations
Swelling

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4
Q

What are contusions?

A

Bruising (internal bleeding)

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5
Q

What are abrasions?

A

“road rash”

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6
Q

When checking the head durning a rapid trauma assessment, what are you looking for?

A

DCAP BTLS, Raccoon eyes, battle signs, odors, PUPILS

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7
Q

When checking the neck during a rapid trauma assessment, what are you looking for?

A

DCAP BTLS, deviated trachea, JVD, Spinal alignment.

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8
Q

What do you do immediately after examining the neck during a rapid trauma assessment?

A

Place C Collar.

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9
Q

What is hypovolemia?

A

Low blood volume

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10
Q

When checking the chest during a rapid trauma assessment, what are you looking for?

A

DCAP BTLS, flail chest

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11
Q

What do you do immediately after checking the chest during a rapid trauma assessment?

A

Auscultate lung sounds

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12
Q

When checking the abdomen during a rapid trauma assessment, what are you looking for?

A

DCAP BTLS, tenderness/rigidity, pulsating masses

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13
Q

What is a pulsating mass in the abdomen a sign of?

A

Abdominal aortic aneurysm

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14
Q

When checking the pelvis during a rapid trauma assessment, what are you looking for?

A

DCAP BTLS, incontinence, priapism, stability

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15
Q

Priapism and incontinence is a sign of what?

A

Spinal cord injury

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16
Q

When checking the extremities during a rapid trauma assessment, what are you looking for?

A

DCAP BTLS, PMS-C

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17
Q

When do you check PMS-C on a trauma patient?

A

Before and after movement of the patient.

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18
Q

What is PMS-C?

A

Pulse
Motor
Sensory
Capillary Refill

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19
Q

When checking the back during a rapid trauma assessment, what are you looking for?

A

DCAP BTLS, spinal alignment

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20
Q

Immediately after examining the back of a trauma patient, what procedure is done

A

Secure patient to backboard

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21
Q

What follows the rapid trauma exam of a trauma patient?

A

Detailed physical exam and treatment of non life threatening injuries

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22
Q

What is SVR?

A

Systemic Vascular Resistance

23
Q

Blood pressure = what?

A

Cardiac output • SVR

24
Arteries have the ability to _____ and ____ whereas veins have ______ to control blood flow.
Constrict and dilate; valves
25
Arterial blood is high in _____ whereas venous blood is high in _____.
Arterial - oxygen | Venous - carbon dioxide
26
What type of bleeding is most difficult to control?
Arterial bleeds
27
In order, what are the methods for bleeding control?
Direct pressure Elevate the wound Apply pressure dressing Tourniquet
28
How do hemp static agents work to control bleeding?
They clump like kitty litter and absorb RBCs.
29
What is epistaxis?
Nosebleed
30
What are other ways of controlling bleeding?
Splinting Cold application Pneumatic anti-shock garment
31
What is PASG?
Pneumatic Anti-Shock Garment
32
Why do we not control the bleeding on a head injury?
We may increase the intracranial pressure.
33
What is herniation?
When the brain oozes into the formen magnum.
34
What is the term that means vomiting blood?
Hematemesis
35
What is the term that means coughing up blood?
Hemoptysis
36
What are signs of internal bleeding?
``` Injury to surface Contusions, swelling, or deformities Bleeding from orifice Tender, rigid, distended abdomen Hematemesis ```
37
How much blood can a patient lose in the abdomen/thorax?
Approx. 3 liters
38
How much blood can a patient lose in the pelvis?
Approx. 1.5 to 6 liters
39
How much blood can a patient lose in the femur?
Approx. 1.5 liters
40
What is the definition of shock?
Inadequate tissue profusion.
41
What happens in the body when a patient goes into shock?
Fight or flight responses are triggered | Epi and norepi are released
42
What is the body's response to shock?
``` ⬆️ HR ⬆️ RR ⬆️ PR Skins: pale cool and diaphoretic Nauseated/vomiting Thirsty ```
43
What are causes of shock?
Problems with the heart, vessels, or blood
44
What are the types of shock?
Hypovolemic and hemorrhagic shock
45
What are the three subtypes of shock?
Neurogenic Anaphylactic Cardiogenic
46
What are the three categories of shock?
Compensated Decompensated Irreversible
47
What are signs of compensated shock?
``` BP is normal ⬆️ HR ⬆️ RR skins: pale/cool Generalized weakness Anxious and restless ```
48
What are signs of decompensated shock?
``` ⬇️ BP loss of peripheral pulses ⬇️RR Altered mental status Dilated pupils ```
49
What is UNK?
Unknown
50
What is PTA?
Prior to arrival
51
What is NKA?
No known allergies
52
What is CHART?
``` Chief complaint History Assessment Rx - treatment Transport ```
53
What is SOAP?
Subjective (relative) Objective (facts) Assessment Plan
54
What is SBAR?
Situation Background Assessment Recommendation
55
During a hospital call-in what occurs?
Identify yourself Describe patient Repeat any orders

Emergency Care (8 decks)

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