Advanced Airway

Question 0

What are the structures of the lower airway?

Answer 0

Trachea
Bronchi
Alveoli

Question 1

What are the structures of the upper airway?

Answer 1

Nasal cavity
Oral cavity
Pharynx
Larynx

Question 2

What is the most immediate measure of gas exchange?

Answer 2

Capnography

Question 3

What is respiration vs. ventilation?

Answer 3

Respiration is gas exchange whereas ventilation is the mechanical movement of the air

Question 4

Where is the site of most aspirated foreign bodies?

Answer 4

The right mainstream bronchi

Question 5

What is the sac that covers the lung?

Answer 5

the pleura

Question 6

Where is the site of cellular respiration?

Answer 6

Capillaries

Question 7

_______ is the pressure exerted by each component of gas mixture.

Answer 7

Partial pressure

Question 8

____ is the movement of air from high concentration to low concentration.

Answer 8

Diffusion

Question 9

___ is the main part of the organ

Answer 9

Parenchyma

Question 10

What is the connective tissue that covers the lung?

Answer 10

Pleura

Question 11

What are two causes of decreased hemoglobin?

Answer 11

Anemia & hemorrhage

Question 12

What is the normal ventilation rate for an adult

Answer 12

12 to 20

Question 13

What is the normal rate for expired CO2?

Answer 13

35-45

Question 14

What is the main respiratory center in the body?

Answer 14

Medulla

Question 15

The _____ reflex tells you when you’ve inhaled enough air.

Answer 15

Herring-Brewers

Question 16

What measures the amount of chemicals in the blood?

Answer 16

Chemoreceptors

Question 17

Deep and fast respirations are known as _____.

Answer 17

Kussmal respirations

Question 18

Diabetic ketoacidosis pts normally have what type of respirations.

Answer 18

Kussmal

Question 19

Cheyne-stokes respirations are usually _____

Answer 19

Really fast then really slow

Question 20

What type of patients normally have cheyne-stokes respirations?

Answer 20

Brain stem injuries

Question 21

Biot’s respirations are usually what?

Answer 21

Really fast then periods of apnea

Question 22

What type of patients have biots respirations?

Answer 22

Patients with high intracranial pressure

Question 23

____ is the stiffness/flexibility of lung tissue.

Answer 23

Compliance

Question 24

The higher the respiratory rate, the ___ the end tidal CO2.

Answer 24

Lower

Question 25

What type of airway is inserted blindly but does not enter the glottis?

Answer 25

Extraglottic

Question 26

Some EGAs sit in the esophagus (which places it behind the vocal cords). These are referred to as…

Answer 26

Retroglottic airway

Question 27

Other EGAs sit above the vocal cords. These are called…

Answer 27

Supraglottic airways

Question 28

What is the name of the instrument used for lifting the tongue and epiglottis so you can see the vocal cords?

Answer 28

Laryngoscope

Question 29

The structure that the Mac blade fits into is called the…

Answer 29

Vallecula

Question 30

You inflate the cuff on the ET Tube with how many mL of air?

Answer 30

10mL

Question 31

What tools are used to remove foreign bodies in the airway?

Answer 31

Magill forceps

Question 32

What are indications of CPAP?

Answer 32

``` Pulmonary edema Near-drowning Pneumonia COPD (inflammation) Asthma (bronchoconstriction) ```

Question 33

What Are advantages to CPAP?

Answer 33

``` Non-invasive Easily adjusted & discontinued Rare complications Doesn't require sedation Fairly comfortable ```

Question 34

What are contraindications for CPAP?

Answer 34

``` Respiratory arrest Decreased LOC (unable to protect airway) Trauma/pneumothorax Active vomiting Systolic BP < 100 ```

Question 35

CPAP is contraindicated in _______ patients because we are increasing ________ pressure which puts more pressure on the heart. This decreases _______ _______.

Answer 35

Hypotensive Intrathoracic pressure Cardiac output

Question 36

What is the lowest PEEP setting?

Answer 36

5

Question 37

What is the PEEP setting used for pulmonary edema patients?

Answer 37

7.5

Question 38

What is the PEEP setting used for asthma/COPD patients?

Answer 38

5

Question 39

What is PEEP?

Answer 39

Positive End Expiratory Pressure

Question 40

What are the phases of capnography?

Answer 40

I - respiratory baseline II - reflects the appearance of CO2 in the alveoli III - the highest level of the plateu IV - the beginning of the inspiration phase

Question 41

Capnogram showing the classic "shark fin" is consistent with:

Answer 41

COPD and asthma

Question 42

An elevation in the baseline indicates:

Answer 42

Hyperventilation

Question 43

Reduction in ETCO2 levels is consistent with:

Answer 43

Hyperventilation

Question 44

Progressively low ETCO2 levels consistent with significant dead space is seen in:

Answer 44

Patients with pulmonary embolism

Question 45

Progressive increase in ETCO2 levels is consistent with:

Answer 45

Hypoventilation

Question 46

During inspiration, the lungs distend and activate:

Answer 46

Stretch receptors

Question 47

According to the theory of hypoxic drive, respiratory stimulate is increased by:

Answer 47

Low PaO2

Question 48

A high pitched musical whistle heard on inspiration/expiration while auscultation lungs is known as:

Answer 48

Wheezing