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Emergency Care > Advanced Airway > Flashcards

Advanced Airway Flashcards

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Royal College: Emergency Medicine flashcards
0
Q

What are the structures of the lower airway?

A

Trachea
Bronchi
Alveoli

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1
Q

What are the structures of the upper airway?

A

Nasal cavity
Oral cavity
Pharynx
Larynx

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2
Q

What is the most immediate measure of gas exchange?

A

Capnography

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3
Q

What is respiration vs. ventilation?

A

Respiration is gas exchange whereas ventilation is the mechanical movement of the air

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4
Q

Where is the site of most aspirated foreign bodies?

A

The right mainstream bronchi

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5
Q

What is the sac that covers the lung?

A

the pleura

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6
Q

Where is the site of cellular respiration?

A

Capillaries

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7
Q

_______ is the pressure exerted by each component of gas mixture.

A

Partial pressure

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8
Q

____ is the movement of air from high concentration to low concentration.

A

Diffusion

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9
Q

___ is the main part of the organ

A

Parenchyma

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10
Q

What is the connective tissue that covers the lung?

A

Pleura

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11
Q

What are two causes of decreased hemoglobin?

A

Anemia & hemorrhage

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12
Q

What is the normal ventilation rate for an adult

A

12 to 20

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13
Q

What is the normal rate for expired CO2?

A

35-45

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14
Q

What is the main respiratory center in the body?

A

Medulla

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15
Q

The _____ reflex tells you when you’ve inhaled enough air.

A

Herring-Brewers

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16
Q

What measures the amount of chemicals in the blood?

A

Chemoreceptors

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17
Q

Deep and fast respirations are known as _____.

A

Kussmal respirations

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18
Q

Diabetic ketoacidosis pts normally have what type of respirations.

A

Kussmal

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19
Q

Cheyne-stokes respirations are usually _____

A

Really fast then really slow

20
Q

What type of patients normally have cheyne-stokes respirations?

A

Brain stem injuries

21
Q

Biot’s respirations are usually what?

A

Really fast then periods of apnea

22
Q

What type of patients have biots respirations?

A

Patients with high intracranial pressure

23
Q

____ is the stiffness/flexibility of lung tissue.

A

Compliance

24
Q

The higher the respiratory rate, the ___ the end tidal CO2.

A

Lower

25
Q

What type of airway is inserted blindly but does not enter the glottis?

A

Extraglottic

26
Q

Some EGAs sit in the esophagus (which places it behind the vocal cords). These are referred to as…

A

Retroglottic airway

27
Q

Other EGAs sit above the vocal cords. These are called…

A

Supraglottic airways

28
Q

What is the name of the instrument used for lifting the tongue and epiglottis so you can see the vocal cords?

A

Laryngoscope

29
Q

The structure that the Mac blade fits into is called the…

A

Vallecula

30
Q

You inflate the cuff on the ET Tube with how many mL of air?

A

10mL

31
Q

What tools are used to remove foreign bodies in the airway?

A

Magill forceps

32
Q

What are indications of CPAP?

A 
Pulmonary edema 
Near-drowning
Pneumonia
COPD (inflammation)
Asthma (bronchoconstriction)
33
Q

What Are advantages to CPAP?

A 
Non-invasive
Easily adjusted & discontinued 
Rare complications
Doesn't require sedation
Fairly comfortable
34
Q

What are contraindications for CPAP?

A 
Respiratory arrest
Decreased LOC (unable to protect airway)
Trauma/pneumothorax
Active vomiting
Systolic BP < 100
35
Q

CPAP is contraindicated in _______ patients because we are increasing ________ pressure which puts more pressure on the heart. This decreases _______ _______.

A

Hypotensive
Intrathoracic pressure
Cardiac output

36
Q

What is the lowest PEEP setting?

A

5

37
Q

What is the PEEP setting used for pulmonary edema patients?

A

7.5

38
Q

What is the PEEP setting used for asthma/COPD patients?

A

5

39
Q

What is PEEP?

A

Positive
End
Expiratory
Pressure

40
Q

What are the phases of capnography?

A

I - respiratory baseline
II - reflects the appearance of CO2 in the alveoli
III - the highest level of the plateu
IV - the beginning of the inspiration phase

41
Q

Capnogram showing the classic “shark fin” is consistent with:

A

COPD and asthma

42
Q

An elevation in the baseline indicates:

A

Hyperventilation

43
Q

Reduction in ETCO2 levels is consistent with:

A

Hyperventilation

44
Q

Progressively low ETCO2 levels consistent with significant dead space is seen in:

A

Patients with pulmonary embolism

45
Q

Progressive increase in ETCO2 levels is consistent with:

A

Hypoventilation

46
Q

During inspiration, the lungs distend and activate:

A

Stretch receptors

47
Q

According to the theory of hypoxic drive, respiratory stimulate is increased by:

A

Low PaO2

48
Q

A high pitched musical whistle heard on inspiration/expiration while auscultation lungs is known as:

A

Wheezing

Emergency Care (8 decks)

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