EMT Chapter 22, 33, 35 , & 23 Flashcards
What happens after the first exposure to an allergen?
Immune system forms antigens to that allergen.
What is an allergic reaction?
Body’s exaggerated response to a foreign substance.
After the second exposure to an allergen…
Antibodies release histamine and other chemicals that cause harmful affects.
How does the body react to histamine release?
Inflammation, bronchoconstriction, vasodilation
_____ is heat transmitted through physical contact.
Conduction
_____ is heat transferred passively or with active wind.
Convection
_______ is heat lost from the head.
Radiation
_____ is heat lost from the skin.
Evaporation
_____ is heat lost from the mouth/nose during exhalation.
Respiration
What occurs in the patient during stage one hypothermia?
Vasoconstriction and mild to strong shivering
What occurs in stage two of hypothermia?
Violent shaking & stumbling/confusion
What occurs in stage three of hypothermia?
Shivering stop & cellular metabolic processes shut down
What does the patient present as with heat cramps?
Normal/elevated body temperature
Warm moist skin
Increased thirst, weakness, and muscle cramps
What does the patient present as with heat exhaustion?
Elevated body temp
Cool, moist skin
Weak, anxious, tachypnea
What does the patient present as its heat stroke?
High body temp
Hot, dry, skin
Hypotension, AMS, Coma
What is the cause of death during drownings?
Anoxic brain injury
When approaching a drowning victim what is the first thing you should do?
Give five rescue breaths.
What is PAT?
Pediatric triangle assessment
What is PAT composed of?
Appearance
Breathing
Circulation
When assessing appearance what do you look for?
Tone Interactiveness Consolibility Look/gaze Speech/cry
When assessing breathing what do you look for?
Airway signs Abnormal positioning Retractions Nasal flaring Head bobbing
When assessing circulation what do you look for?
Cyanosis
Mottling
Pale
Bulging fontanelles exhibit what?
Meningitis
Head trauma
What are sunken fontanelles a sign of?
Dehydration
What are common causes of shock?
Diarrhea Infection Trauma Blood loss Allergic Rxn Poisoning Cardiac events
Apnea is absence of breathing for ___ seconds.
20
What is inflammation of the larynx/subglottic airway
Croup
Croup is inflammation of _____
Subglottic airway and larynx
Croup occurs what in ages?
6 mo to 3 years
What symptoms present in a patient with croup?
Barking cough
Fever
stridor/retractions
Bronchiolitis is bronchial…
Obstruction/inflammation
80% of bronchiolitis patients are less than…
6 months old
Recovery for bronchiolitis occurs from __ to __ days
11 to 14 days
Pertussis is transmitted through what?
Aerosolized droplets
What are the types of toxidromes?
Opioid/narcotic
Stimulants/sympathomimetrics
Cholinergic/anticholinergic
Sedative/hypnotic
What are toxidromes?
Group of characteristic effects associated with a particular substance or class of substances
Alcohol withdrawal can cause what?
Delirium tremens
What are symptoms of CO poisoning?
Headache (band around head)
Short of breath
Dizziness/nausea
Cyanotic
How fast is CO eliminated?
8 hours on room air
24 minutes in hyperbaric chamber
