EMT Chapter 22, 33, 35 , & 23 Flashcards

0
Q

What happens after the first exposure to an allergen?

A

Immune system forms antigens to that allergen.

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1
Q

What is an allergic reaction?

A

Body’s exaggerated response to a foreign substance.

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2
Q

After the second exposure to an allergen…

A

Antibodies release histamine and other chemicals that cause harmful affects.

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3
Q

How does the body react to histamine release?

A

Inflammation, bronchoconstriction, vasodilation

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4
Q

_____ is heat transmitted through physical contact.

A

Conduction

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5
Q

_____ is heat transferred passively or with active wind.

A

Convection

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6
Q

_______ is heat lost from the head.

A

Radiation

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7
Q

_____ is heat lost from the skin.

A

Evaporation

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8
Q

_____ is heat lost from the mouth/nose during exhalation.

A

Respiration

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9
Q

What occurs in the patient during stage one hypothermia?

A

Vasoconstriction and mild to strong shivering

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10
Q

What occurs in stage two of hypothermia?

A

Violent shaking & stumbling/confusion

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11
Q

What occurs in stage three of hypothermia?

A

Shivering stop & cellular metabolic processes shut down

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12
Q

What does the patient present as with heat cramps?

A

Normal/elevated body temperature
Warm moist skin
Increased thirst, weakness, and muscle cramps

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13
Q

What does the patient present as with heat exhaustion?

A

Elevated body temp
Cool, moist skin
Weak, anxious, tachypnea

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14
Q

What does the patient present as its heat stroke?

A

High body temp
Hot, dry, skin
Hypotension, AMS, Coma

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15
Q

What is the cause of death during drownings?

A

Anoxic brain injury

16
Q

When approaching a drowning victim what is the first thing you should do?

A

Give five rescue breaths.

17
Q

What is PAT?

A

Pediatric triangle assessment

18
Q

What is PAT composed of?

A

Appearance
Breathing
Circulation

19
Q

When assessing appearance what do you look for?

A
Tone
Interactiveness 
Consolibility 
Look/gaze
Speech/cry
20
Q

When assessing breathing what do you look for?

A
Airway signs
Abnormal positioning
Retractions
Nasal flaring
Head bobbing
21
Q

When assessing circulation what do you look for?

A

Cyanosis
Mottling
Pale

22
Q

Bulging fontanelles exhibit what?

A

Meningitis

Head trauma

23
Q

What are sunken fontanelles a sign of?

A

Dehydration

24
What are common causes of shock?
``` Diarrhea Infection Trauma Blood loss Allergic Rxn Poisoning Cardiac events ```
25
Apnea is absence of breathing for ___ seconds.
20
26
What is inflammation of the larynx/subglottic airway
Croup
27
Croup is inflammation of _____
Subglottic airway and larynx
28
Croup occurs what in ages?
6 mo to 3 years
29
What symptoms present in a patient with croup?
Barking cough Fever stridor/retractions
30
Bronchiolitis is bronchial…
Obstruction/inflammation
31
80% of bronchiolitis patients are less than…
6 months old
32
Recovery for bronchiolitis occurs from __ to __ days
11 to 14 days
33
Pertussis is transmitted through what?
Aerosolized droplets
34
What are the types of toxidromes?
Opioid/narcotic Stimulants/sympathomimetrics Cholinergic/anticholinergic Sedative/hypnotic
35
What are toxidromes?
Group of characteristic effects associated with a particular substance or class of substances
36
Alcohol withdrawal can cause what?
Delirium tremens
37
What are symptoms of CO poisoning?
Headache (band around head) Short of breath Dizziness/nausea Cyanotic
38
How fast is CO eliminated?
8 hours on room air | 24 minutes in hyperbaric chamber