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MRCS > eMRCS - anatomy > Flashcards

eMRCS - anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Bochladek hernia and what are its features

A

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Usually located in the left hemidiaphragm - associated with lung hypoplasia. Can contain the stomach.
Can result in a displaced apex beat

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2
Q

Which is more common a Bochladek or Morgani hernia

A

Bochladek

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3
Q

In which type of hernia would you see the transverse colon in the Thorax

A

Morgani

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4
Q

Which nerve is at risk during extraction of the 3rd molar

A

Lingual nerve

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5
Q

What is the anterior fascia of the rectum

A

Denonvilliers fascia

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6
Q

What is the posterior fascia of the rectum

A

Waldeyers fascia

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7
Q

Which artery supplies the rectum

A

Superior rectal artery - branch of the IMA
Middle rectal artery - from the internal iliac artery
Inferior rectal artery - from the pudendal artery

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8
Q

In which anatomical location would a Spigelian hernia occur

A

Lateral to the rectus muscle at the level of the arcuate line

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9
Q

What compromises the lacrimal apparatus

A

Lacrimal gland, lacrimal ducts, lacrimal canaliculi, lacrimal sac and naso lacrimal duc

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10
Q

What is the arterial supply to the lacrimal apparatus

A

Ophthalmic artery

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11
Q

What is the most inferior single branch of the aorta and where does it branch

A

Median sacral artery
Branches at L4

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12
Q

Where does the IMA branch from the aorta

A

L3

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13
Q

Which arteries branch from the aorta at L1

A

SMA
Middle suprarenal
Renal arteries (L1-2)

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14
Q

Where does the recurrent laryngeal nerve lie

A

Medial to the lobes of the thyroid, in a groove between the oesophagus and the trachea

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15
Q

Where does the trachea bifurcate

A

C5

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16
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the vagina

A

Superior vagina - internal and external iliac lymph nodes
Inferior vagina - superficial inguinal nodes

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17
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the ovaries

A

Para-aortic nodes

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18
Q

Which part of the female reproductive system drains to the para aortic lymph nodes

A

Ovaries
Uterine fundus

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19
Q

Which lymph nodes does the cervix drain to

A

External iliac nodes - through the broad ligament
Presacral nodes - along the uterosacral folds
Internal iliac nodes

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20
Q

What is the most superficial structure in the popliteal fossa

A

Tibial nerve

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21
Q

PSNS fibres innervating the parotid gland originate from where

A

Otic Ganglion

Secretion of saliva is controlled by inferior salivary nucleus, fibres leave this via the tympanic nerve (branch of glossopharyngeal (IX) and travel through the tympanic plexus, then forming the lesser petrosal nerve before reaching the otic ganglion

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22
Q

What are the layers of the scrotum

A

Skin
Dartos fascia and muscle
External spermatic fascia
Cremasteric muscle and fascia
Internal spermatic fascia
Parietal layer of the tunica vaginalis
Testes

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23
Q

What is the contents of the cavernous sinus

A

Oculomotor nerve (III)
Trochlear nerve (IV)
Abducens nerve (VI)
Ophthalmic nerve (V1)
Maxillary nerve (V2)
Carotid artery

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24
Q

Which branch of the trigeminal nerve will not be found in the cavernous sinus

A

Mandibular

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25
Q

Which fascia separates the prostate from the rectum

A

Denonvilliers

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26
Q

Which fascia separates the rectum from the sacrum

A

Waldeyeres

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27
Q

Which artery supplies the caecum

A

Ileocolic

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28
Q

What is the blood supply to the stomach

A

Left gastric artery
Short gastric vessels
Gastro-epiploic arteries

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29
Q

The brachial artery is crossed by which nerve in the median cubital fossa

A

Median nerve

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30
Q

Division of which fascial layer will expose the ansa cervicalis

A

Division of the pretracheal fascia
The ansa cervicalis lies anterior to the carotid artery and the carotid sheath

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31
Q

Where are the level 3 axillary nodes found

A

Between pectoralis major and minor

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32
Q

Which vessels pierces pectoralis major and gives branches off here

A

Thoracoacromial artery

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33
Q

Which muscle is penetrated by the parotid duct

A

Buccinator

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34
Q

Dorsalis pedis is a continuation of which artery

A

Anterior tibial artery

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35
Q

What are the borders of the femoral canal

A

Anterior - Inguinal ligament
laterally - femoral vein
medially - lacunar ligament
Posterior - pectineal ligament

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36
Q

What is the origin of the testicular artery

A

Abdominal aorta

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37
Q

Which muscles does the radial nerve (main) supply ?

A

Triceps
Aconeus
Brachioradialis
Extensor carpi radialis

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38
Q

Which muscles are supplied by the posterior interossesous branch of the radial nerve

A

Supinator
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Extensor digitorum
Extensor indicis
Extensor digiti minimi
Extensor pollicis longus and brevis
Abductor pollicis longus

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39
Q

What are the boundaries of the anterior triangle of the neck

A

Anterior border of sternoclediomastoid
Lower border of mandible
Anterior midline

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40
Q

What are the contents of the anterior triangle

A

Digastric triangle: submandibular glands, submandibular nodes, facial vessels, hypoglossal nerve
Muscular triangle: strap muscles, jugular vein
Carotid triangle: carotid sheath, ansa cervicalis

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41
Q

What is the contents of the carotid sheath

A

Common carotid artery, vagus nerve, internal jugular

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42
Q

In which triangle is the phrenic nerve found

A

Posterior

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43
Q

At what level is the transpyloric plane

A

L1

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44
Q

What is found at the level of the transpyloric plane

A

Pylorus stomach
Left kidney hilum (L1- left one!)
Fundus of the gallbladder
Neck of pancreas
Duodenojejunal flexure
Superior mesenteric artery
Portal vein
Left and right colic flexure
Root of the transverse mesocolon
2nd part of the duodenum
Upper part of conus medullaris
Spleen

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45
Q

Which structures are found superficial to the extensor retinaculum

A

Basilic vein
Cephalic vein
Dorsal cutaneous branch of the ulnar nerve
Superficial branch of the radial nerve

46
Q

Which structure lacks a serosal layer

A

Oesophagus

47
Q

Where does brachialis insert

A

Ulna

48
Q

What are the features of Klumpkes paralysis

A

Claw hand - MCP extended IP flexed
Loss of sensation over the medial forearm and hand
Horners syndrome
Loss of flexors at the wrist

49
Q

What lesion results in Klumpkes paralysis

A

C8 T1

50
Q

What are the branches of the subclavian artery

A

Vertebral artery
Internal thoracic
Thryocervical trunk
Costocervical trunk
Dorsal scapular

51
Q

Where are accessory spleens found

A

Hilum of the spleen
Tail of the pancreas
Along the splenic vessels
Gastrosplenic ligament
Splenorenal ligament
Stomach
Intestine
the greater omentum
mesentery
the gonads

52
Q

What are the 3 main branches of the coeliac axis

A

Left gastric
Hepatic
Splenic

53
Q

Pancreatic a, short gastric a and left gastroepiploic a branch from which main artery

A

Splenic artery

54
Q

What are the branches of the hepatic artery

A

Right gastric
Gastroduodenal
Superior pancreaticoduodenal
Cystic

55
Q

Which nerve supplies the posterior 1/3 of the tongue

A

Glossopharyngeal

56
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the rectum

A

Mesorectal lymph nodes - superior to the dentate line
Inguinal lymph nodes - inferior to the dentate line

57
Q

Where does the SMA drain

A

The portal vein

58
Q

What accompanies the posterior interventricular artery in the interventricular groove

A

Middle cardiac vein

59
Q

What nerve innervates stylohyoid

A

Facial nerve

60
Q

What are the contents of the deep perineal pouch

A

Urethral sphincter
Transversus perenei
Dorsal nerve of the penis
Deep and dorsal arteries of the penis
Urethral artery

61
Q

Where does the long head of triceps arise from

A

Infraglenoid tubercle

62
Q

Which nerve is closely related to the middle meningeal

A

Auriculotemporal

63
Q

Which nerve is at risk during an inguinal hernia repair

A

Ilioinguinal

64
Q

The middle menigneal artery is a branch of which artery

A

Maxillary

65
Q

What are the constrictions of the oseophagus

A

Arch of the aorta
Left main bronchus
Cricoid cartilage
Diaphragmatic hiatus

66
Q

What nerves are at risk during a carotid endarterectomy?

A

Hypoglossal
Greater auricular
Superior laryngeal

67
Q

The pudendal canal lies on the inferior border of which muscle

A

Obturator internus

68
Q

The buccal branch of the facial nerves supplies which muscles

A

Zygomaticus minor
Buccinator
Levator anguli oris
Orbicularis
Nasalis

69
Q

What nerve supplies the sensation of the superior lateral aspect of the foot

A

Sural nerve

70
Q

Periosteum is attached to bone via which fibres

A

Sharpey’s fibres

71
Q

Which structures pass through both the greater and lesser sciatic foramen

A

Pudendal nerve
Internal pudendal artery
Nerve to obturator interns

72
Q

The right gastro-epiploic artery is a branch of which artery

A

Gastroduodenal artery

73
Q

What forms the pen asnerinus

A

Sartorius
Gracillis
Semintendinous

74
Q

Where does the right testicular vein drain into

A

IVC

75
Q

Describe the course of the median nerve relative to the brachial artery

A

Lateral - anterior - medial

76
Q

The subclavian artery is separated from the subclavian vein by which structure

A

Scalenus anterior

77
Q

The thebsian veins draining the heart drain into which structure

A

Atrium

78
Q

Which finger has not attachement for the palmar interossei

A

Middle finger

79
Q

All the intrinsic muscles of the tongue are supplied by which nerve

A

Hypoglossal

80
Q

What is the nervous innervation of latissimus dorsi

A

Thoracodorsal

81
Q

At what level is the hyoid bone

A

C3

82
Q

The notch of the thyroid is felt at what level

A

C4

83
Q

The posterior cord of the brachial plexus gives rise to what branches

A

Radial nerve
Axillary nerve
Upper sub scapular nerve
Lower sub scapular nerve
Thoracodorsal nerve

84
Q

What is the lymph drainage of the prostate

A

Internal iliac nodes
Sacral nodes

85
Q

From which structure is the inguinal ligament formed

A

External oblique aponeurosis

86
Q

Where would you find the ampulla of Vater

A

Medial aspect of the 2nd part of the duodenum - usually 8-10cm from the pylorus and 2-3cm inferior to the opening of the accessory pancreatic duct

87
Q

Where does the thoracic duct lie in relation to the oesophagus

A

Found posterior to the oesophagus, to the left at the level of the Angle of Louis

88
Q

What structure does the chorda tympani run medial to

A

Pars Flacida

89
Q

Which artery runs alongside the saphenous vein

A

Deep external pudendal

90
Q

Which tendon provides the main structural support to the uterus

A

Central perineal tendon

91
Q

From which nerve roots does the sciatic nerve arise from

A

L4 - S3

92
Q

Which nerve lies deep to pronator teres, separating it from the median nerve

A

Ulnar nerve

93
Q

Where on the femur does psoas major insert

A

Lesser trochanter

94
Q

Which vessel is a lateral relation of the inferior parathyroid

A

Common carotid a

95
Q

Which rotator cuff muscles inserts onto the lesser tuberosity of the humerus

A

Subscapularis

96
Q

What is the nerve supply to the skin of the scrotum

A

Anterior skin - ilioinguinal
Posterior skin - Pudendal

97
Q

The epigastric artery is a branch of which artery

A

External iliac artery

98
Q

At what point do the common iliacs drain into the IVC

A

L5

99
Q

Within which triangle of the neck does the transverse cervical nerve lie

A

Posterior trianlge

100
Q

What is the arterial supply to the prostate gland

A

Inferior vesical artery

101
Q

At what level does the dura terminate

A

L2

102
Q

In which part of the mediastinum is the thoracic duct found

A

Posterior and superior mediastinum

103
Q

What nerve is most closely related to the bladder

A

Obturator nerve

104
Q

What is the most posterior structure at the hilum of the right kindney

A

Right ureter

105
Q

How many compartments in extensor retinaculum for the extensors of the hand

A

6

106
Q

What is the innervation of digastric

A

Posterior belly - facial nerve
Anterior belly - Mylohyoid nerve

107
Q

The posterior tibial artery is closely related to which nerve

A

Tibial nerve

108
Q

Describe the blood supply of the pancreas

A

Pancreatic head - supplied by the pancreaticoduodenal artery
Pancreatic tail - supplied by branches of the splenic artery

109
Q

The cervical oesophagus is supplied by which artery

A

Inferior thyroid artery

110
Q

Into how many compartments can the jugular foramen be divided ?

A

3 - anterior, middle and posterior

111
Q

What is the contents of the jugular foramen

A

Inferior petrosal sinus
Glossopharyngeal, vagus and accessory nerves
Sigmoid sinus (becoming the internal jugular vein)

112
Q

At what level does the coeliac axis branch from the aorta

A

T12

MRCS (17 decks)

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