eMRCS - anatomy Flashcards
What is a Bochladek hernia and what are its features
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Usually located in the left hemidiaphragm - associated with lung hypoplasia. Can contain the stomach.
Can result in a displaced apex beat
Which is more common a Bochladek or Morgani hernia
Bochladek
In which type of hernia would you see the transverse colon in the Thorax
Morgani
Which nerve is at risk during extraction of the 3rd molar
Lingual nerve
What is the anterior fascia of the rectum
Denonvilliers fascia
What is the posterior fascia of the rectum
Waldeyers fascia
Which artery supplies the rectum
Superior rectal artery - branch of the IMA
Middle rectal artery - from the internal iliac artery
Inferior rectal artery - from the pudendal artery
In which anatomical location would a Spigelian hernia occur
Lateral to the rectus muscle at the level of the arcuate line
What compromises the lacrimal apparatus
Lacrimal gland, lacrimal ducts, lacrimal canaliculi, lacrimal sac and naso lacrimal duc
What is the arterial supply to the lacrimal apparatus
Ophthalmic artery
What is the most inferior single branch of the aorta and where does it branch
Median sacral artery
Branches at L4
Where does the IMA branch from the aorta
L3
Which arteries branch from the aorta at L1
SMA
Middle suprarenal
Renal arteries (L1-2)
Where does the recurrent laryngeal nerve lie
Medial to the lobes of the thyroid, in a groove between the oesophagus and the trachea
Where does the trachea bifurcate
C5
What is the lymphatic drainage of the vagina
Superior vagina - internal and external iliac lymph nodes
Inferior vagina - superficial inguinal nodes
What is the lymphatic drainage of the ovaries
Para-aortic nodes
Which part of the female reproductive system drains to the para aortic lymph nodes
Ovaries
Uterine fundus
Which lymph nodes does the cervix drain to
External iliac nodes - through the broad ligament
Presacral nodes - along the uterosacral folds
Internal iliac nodes
What is the most superficial structure in the popliteal fossa
Tibial nerve
PSNS fibres innervating the parotid gland originate from where
Otic Ganglion
Secretion of saliva is controlled by inferior salivary nucleus, fibres leave this via the tympanic nerve (branch of glossopharyngeal (IX) and travel through the tympanic plexus, then forming the lesser petrosal nerve before reaching the otic ganglion
What are the layers of the scrotum
Skin
Dartos fascia and muscle
External spermatic fascia
Cremasteric muscle and fascia
Internal spermatic fascia
Parietal layer of the tunica vaginalis
Testes
What is the contents of the cavernous sinus
Oculomotor nerve (III)
Trochlear nerve (IV)
Abducens nerve (VI)
Ophthalmic nerve (V1)
Maxillary nerve (V2)
Carotid artery
Which branch of the trigeminal nerve will not be found in the cavernous sinus
Mandibular
Which fascia separates the prostate from the rectum
Denonvilliers
Which fascia separates the rectum from the sacrum
Waldeyeres
Which artery supplies the caecum
Ileocolic
What is the blood supply to the stomach
Left gastric artery
Short gastric vessels
Gastro-epiploic arteries
The brachial artery is crossed by which nerve in the median cubital fossa
Median nerve
Division of which fascial layer will expose the ansa cervicalis
Division of the pretracheal fascia
The ansa cervicalis lies anterior to the carotid artery and the carotid sheath
Where are the level 3 axillary nodes found
Between pectoralis major and minor
Which vessels pierces pectoralis major and gives branches off here
Thoracoacromial artery
Which muscle is penetrated by the parotid duct
Buccinator
Dorsalis pedis is a continuation of which artery
Anterior tibial artery
What are the borders of the femoral canal
Anterior - Inguinal ligament
laterally - femoral vein
medially - lacunar ligament
Posterior - pectineal ligament
What is the origin of the testicular artery
Abdominal aorta
Which muscles does the radial nerve (main) supply ?
Triceps
Aconeus
Brachioradialis
Extensor carpi radialis
Which muscles are supplied by the posterior interossesous branch of the radial nerve
Supinator
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Extensor digitorum
Extensor indicis
Extensor digiti minimi
Extensor pollicis longus and brevis
Abductor pollicis longus
What are the boundaries of the anterior triangle of the neck
Anterior border of sternoclediomastoid
Lower border of mandible
Anterior midline
What are the contents of the anterior triangle
Digastric triangle: submandibular glands, submandibular nodes, facial vessels, hypoglossal nerve
Muscular triangle: strap muscles, jugular vein
Carotid triangle: carotid sheath, ansa cervicalis
What is the contents of the carotid sheath
Common carotid artery, vagus nerve, internal jugular
In which triangle is the phrenic nerve found
Posterior
At what level is the transpyloric plane
L1
What is found at the level of the transpyloric plane
Pylorus stomach
Left kidney hilum (L1- left one!)
Fundus of the gallbladder
Neck of pancreas
Duodenojejunal flexure
Superior mesenteric artery
Portal vein
Left and right colic flexure
Root of the transverse mesocolon
2nd part of the duodenum
Upper part of conus medullaris
Spleen
Which structures are found superficial to the extensor retinaculum
Basilic vein
Cephalic vein
Dorsal cutaneous branch of the ulnar nerve
Superficial branch of the radial nerve
Which structure lacks a serosal layer
Oesophagus
Where does brachialis insert
Ulna
What are the features of Klumpkes paralysis
Claw hand - MCP extended IP flexed
Loss of sensation over the medial forearm and hand
Horners syndrome
Loss of flexors at the wrist
What lesion results in Klumpkes paralysis
C8 T1
What are the branches of the subclavian artery
Vertebral artery
Internal thoracic
Thryocervical trunk
Costocervical trunk
Dorsal scapular
Where are accessory spleens found
Hilum of the spleen
Tail of the pancreas
Along the splenic vessels
Gastrosplenic ligament
Splenorenal ligament
Stomach
Intestine
the greater omentum
mesentery
the gonads
What are the 3 main branches of the coeliac axis
Left gastric
Hepatic
Splenic
Pancreatic a, short gastric a and left gastroepiploic a branch from which main artery
Splenic artery
What are the branches of the hepatic artery
Right gastric
Gastroduodenal
Superior pancreaticoduodenal
Cystic
Which nerve supplies the posterior 1/3 of the tongue
Glossopharyngeal
What is the lymphatic drainage of the rectum
Mesorectal lymph nodes - superior to the dentate line
Inguinal lymph nodes - inferior to the dentate line
Where does the SMA drain
The portal vein
What accompanies the posterior interventricular artery in the interventricular groove
Middle cardiac vein
What nerve innervates stylohyoid
Facial nerve
What are the contents of the deep perineal pouch
Urethral sphincter
Transversus perenei
Dorsal nerve of the penis
Deep and dorsal arteries of the penis
Urethral artery
Where does the long head of triceps arise from
Infraglenoid tubercle
Which nerve is closely related to the middle meningeal
Auriculotemporal
Which nerve is at risk during an inguinal hernia repair
Ilioinguinal
The middle menigneal artery is a branch of which artery
Maxillary
What are the constrictions of the oseophagus
Arch of the aorta
Left main bronchus
Cricoid cartilage
Diaphragmatic hiatus
What nerves are at risk during a carotid endarterectomy?
Hypoglossal
Greater auricular
Superior laryngeal
The pudendal canal lies on the inferior border of which muscle
Obturator internus
The buccal branch of the facial nerves supplies which muscles
Zygomaticus minor
Buccinator
Levator anguli oris
Orbicularis
Nasalis
What nerve supplies the sensation of the superior lateral aspect of the foot
Sural nerve
Periosteum is attached to bone via which fibres
Sharpey’s fibres
Which structures pass through both the greater and lesser sciatic foramen
Pudendal nerve
Internal pudendal artery
Nerve to obturator interns
The right gastro-epiploic artery is a branch of which artery
Gastroduodenal artery
What forms the pen asnerinus
Sartorius
Gracillis
Semintendinous
Where does the right testicular vein drain into
IVC
Describe the course of the median nerve relative to the brachial artery
Lateral - anterior - medial
The subclavian artery is separated from the subclavian vein by which structure
Scalenus anterior
The thebsian veins draining the heart drain into which structure
Atrium
Which finger has not attachement for the palmar interossei
Middle finger
All the intrinsic muscles of the tongue are supplied by which nerve
Hypoglossal
What is the nervous innervation of latissimus dorsi
Thoracodorsal
At what level is the hyoid bone
C3
The notch of the thyroid is felt at what level
C4
The posterior cord of the brachial plexus gives rise to what branches
Radial nerve
Axillary nerve
Upper sub scapular nerve
Lower sub scapular nerve
Thoracodorsal nerve
What is the lymph drainage of the prostate
Internal iliac nodes
Sacral nodes
From which structure is the inguinal ligament formed
External oblique aponeurosis
Where would you find the ampulla of Vater
Medial aspect of the 2nd part of the duodenum - usually 8-10cm from the pylorus and 2-3cm inferior to the opening of the accessory pancreatic duct
Where does the thoracic duct lie in relation to the oesophagus
Found posterior to the oesophagus, to the left at the level of the Angle of Louis
What structure does the chorda tympani run medial to
Pars Flacida
Which artery runs alongside the saphenous vein
Deep external pudendal
Which tendon provides the main structural support to the uterus
Central perineal tendon
From which nerve roots does the sciatic nerve arise from
L4 - S3
Which nerve lies deep to pronator teres, separating it from the median nerve
Ulnar nerve
Where on the femur does psoas major insert
Lesser trochanter
Which vessel is a lateral relation of the inferior parathyroid
Common carotid a
Which rotator cuff muscles inserts onto the lesser tuberosity of the humerus
Subscapularis
What is the nerve supply to the skin of the scrotum
Anterior skin - ilioinguinal
Posterior skin - Pudendal
The epigastric artery is a branch of which artery
External iliac artery
At what point do the common iliacs drain into the IVC
L5
Within which triangle of the neck does the transverse cervical nerve lie
Posterior trianlge
What is the arterial supply to the prostate gland
Inferior vesical artery
At what level does the dura terminate
L2
In which part of the mediastinum is the thoracic duct found
Posterior and superior mediastinum
What nerve is most closely related to the bladder
Obturator nerve
What is the most posterior structure at the hilum of the right kindney
Right ureter
How many compartments in extensor retinaculum for the extensors of the hand
6
What is the innervation of digastric
Posterior belly - facial nerve
Anterior belly - Mylohyoid nerve
The posterior tibial artery is closely related to which nerve
Tibial nerve
Describe the blood supply of the pancreas
Pancreatic head - supplied by the pancreaticoduodenal artery
Pancreatic tail - supplied by branches of the splenic artery
The cervical oesophagus is supplied by which artery
Inferior thyroid artery
Into how many compartments can the jugular foramen be divided ?
3 - anterior, middle and posterior
What is the contents of the jugular foramen
Inferior petrosal sinus
Glossopharyngeal, vagus and accessory nerves
Sigmoid sinus (becoming the internal jugular vein)
At what level does the coeliac axis branch from the aorta
T12
