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MRCS > Cranial > Flashcards

Cranial Flashcards

1
Q

What bones make up the anterior cranial fossa

A

Frontal bone
Ethmoid bone
Sphenoid bone

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2
Q

What attaches to the frontal crest

A

Falx cerebri

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3
Q

What is the crista Galli and what attaches here

A

An upward projection of bone from the ethmoid bone
A point of attachment for the falx cerebri

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4
Q

What is found on either side of the crista galli

A

Cribiform plate

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5
Q

On which aspect of the sphenoid bone does the tentorium cerebelli attach

A

Anterior and posterior clinoid process of the sphenoid

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6
Q

What is transmitted through the anterior ethmoidal foramen

A

Anterior ethmoidal artery, nerve and vein

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7
Q

What is transmitted through the posterior ethmoidal foramen

A

posterior ethmoidal artery, nerve and vein.

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8
Q

Which part of the anterior cranial fossa is the thinnest and most vulnerable to fracture

A

Cribiform plate

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9
Q

What forms the middle cranial fossa

A

Sphenoid bone
2x temporal bones

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10
Q

In which cranial fossa is the pituitary gland found

A

Middle cranial fossa

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11
Q

Which part of the sphenoid bone accommodates the pituitary gland

A

Sella turcica

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12
Q

In which bone is the optic canal found and what does it transmit

A

Sphenoid bone
Optic nerve and ophthalmic arteries

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13
Q

Which 4 Foramina are found in the middle cranial fossa

A

Superior orbital fissure
Foramen rotundum
Foramen ovale
Foramen spinosum

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14
Q

What is transmitted through the superior orbital fissure

A

Oculomotor nerve (CN III)
Trochlear nerve (CN IV)
Ophthalmic branch of trigeminal nerve (CN V1) (lacrimal, nasociliary and frontal branches)
Abducens nerve (CN VI)
Ophthalmic veins and sympathetic fibres

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15
Q

What is transmitted through the foramen rotundum

A

Maxillary branch of trigeminal nerve (CN V2)

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16
Q

What is transmitted through the foramen ovale

A

Mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve (CN V3)
Accessory meningeal artery

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17
Q

What is transmitted through the Foramen spinosum

A

Middle meningeal artery
Middle meningeal vein
Meningeal branch of CN V3

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18
Q

Which 4 foramina pass through the temporal bone

A

Hiatus of the greater petrosal nerve
Hiatus of lesser petrosal nerve
Carotid canal

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19
Q

What is transmitted through the hiatus of the greater petrosal nerve

A

Greater petrosal nerve (a branch of the facial nerve)
Petrosal branch of the middle menigneal artery

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20
Q

What is transmitted through the hiatus of the lesser petrosal nerve

A

Lesser petrosal nerve (branch of glossopharyngeal)

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21
Q

What is transmitted through the carotid canal

A

Internal carotid artery
Deep petrosal nerve

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22
Q

What forms the posterior cranial fossa

A

Occipital bone
2x temporal bones

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23
Q

Which foramina is found in the temporal bone

A

Internal acoustic meatus

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24
Q

What passes through the internal acoustic meatus

A

Facial nerve (CN VII)
Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)
Vestibular ganglion
Labriynthe artery

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25
Q

What are the formaina found in the occipital bone

A

Foramen magnum
Jugular foramen
Hypoglossal canal

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26
Q

What is transmitted through the foramen magnum

A

Medulla of brain
Meninges
Vertebral arteries
Spinal accessory nerve
Dural veins
Anterior and posterior spinal arteries

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27
Q

What is transmitted through the jugular foramen

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve
Vagus nerve
Spinal accessory nerve
Internal jugular vein
Inferior petrosal sinus
Sigmoid sinus
Meningeal branches of the ascending pharyngeal and occipital arteries.

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28
Q

What is transmitted through the hypoglossal canal

A

Hypoglossal nerve

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29
Q

What is the pterygopalantine fossa

A

Bilateral, cone-shaped depression extending deep from the infratemporal fossa all the way to the nasal cavity via the sphenopalatine foramen

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30
Q

What communicates with the pterygopalatine fossa

A

Pterygomaxillary fissure
Foramen rotundum
Pterygoid canal
Pharyngeal canal
Inferior orbital fissure
Greater palatine canal
Sphenopalatine foramen

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31
Q

What is the contents of the pterygopalatine fossa

A

Maxillary nerve
Maxillary artery
Pterygopalatine ganglion

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32
Q

Where is the inferior orbital fissure found

A

between the sphenoid and maxillary bones

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33
Q

What is transmitted by the inferior orbital fissure

A

Zygomatic branch of the maxillary nerve
Infraorbital artery and vein

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34
Q

What does the sphenopalatine foramen connect

A

Pterygopalatine fossa to the nasal cavity

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35
Q

What is transmitted by the sphenopalatine foramen

A

Sphenopalatine artery and vein
Nasopalatine nerve

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36
Q

Which nerves pass through the infratemporal fossa

A

Mandibular nerve
Sensory branches of the trigeminal nerve - Auriculotemporal, buccal, lingual and inferior alveolar nerves
Chorda tympani
Otic ganglion

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37
Q

Which blood vessels pass through the infratemporal fossa

A

Maxillary artery
Pterygoid venous plexus
Maxillary vein
Middle meningeal vein

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38
Q

Which artery gives rise to the middle meningeal artery

A

Maxillary artery

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39
Q

What is MacEwan’s triangle

A

Mastoid fossa

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40
Q

Which bones form the cranial roof

A

Frontal
Occipital
2 x parietal bones

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41
Q

Which bones form the cranial base

A

Frontal
Sphenoid
Ethmoid
Occipital
Parietal
Temporal

42
Q

What are the facial bones

A

Zygomatic x 2
Lacrimal x 2
Nasal x 2
Inferior nasal conchae x 2
Palatine x 2
Maxilla x 2
Vomer
Mandible

43
Q

Le Fort Classification classifies fractures of which bone

A

Maxilla

44
Q

What is a Le Fort 1 #

A

Horizontal # of the alevolar ridge (above upper teeth, just below nose)

45
Q

What is Le Fort 2 #

A

line is from corners of mouth up the bridge of nose in a triangle

Pyramidal # of the nasofrontal suture
# from the corners of mouth up the bridge of nose in a triangle shape

46
Q

What is a Le Fort 3 #

A

line runs across entire face at point of midpoint of orbits

Horizontal cranial facial dislocation
# line runs across entire width of face, at level of mid orbit

47
Q

what are the sutures of the skull

A

Coronal suture
Sagittal suture
Lamboid suture

48
Q

What is the coronal sutures between

A

The frontal bone and parietal bones

49
Q

What is the sagittal suture between

A

Between the two parietal bones

50
Q

What is the lambdoid suture between

A

Occipital bones and 2 parietal bones

51
Q

What forms the roof of the orbit

A

Frontal bone and lesser wing of sphenoid

52
Q

What forms the floor of the orbit

A

Maxilla, palatine, zygomatic bones

53
Q

What forms the lateral wall of the orbit

A

Zygomatic bone and greater wing of sphenoid

54
Q

What forms the medial wall of the orbit

A

Ethmoid, maxilla, lacrimal and sphenoid bones

55
Q

What are the 3 pathways into the orbit

A

Optic canal
Superior orbital fissure
Inferior orbital fissure

56
Q

What are the 3 features of the internal surface of the frontal bone

A

Sagital sulcus - contains superior sagittal sinus
Frontal crest - falx cerebri attaches
Groove for the anterior middle meningeal artery

57
Q

Which muscle attaches to the frontal bone and via what

A

Cartilaginous pulley for the superior oblique muscle
Attaches to the trochlear fossa

58
Q

Which bones does the frontal bone articulate with

A

Paired - Nasal, maxilla, lacrimal, parietal, zygomatic
Unpaired - Ethmoid, sphenoid

59
Q

Why is the sphenoidal body basically hollow

A

It contains the sphenoidal sinuses

60
Q

What are the bony landmarks of the sphenoid body

A

Sella turcica
Chiasmatic groove

61
Q

Which wing of the sphenoid is the optic canal in

A

Lesser wing

62
Q

Which parts of the facial skeleton does the greater wing of the sphenoid contribute to

A

Floor of middle cranial fossa
Lateral wall of skull
Posterolateral wall of orbit

63
Q

Which foramina are found in the greater wing of the sphenoid

A

Foramen rotundum
Foramen ovale
Foramen spinosum

64
Q

To which part of the sphenoid bone do muscles attach

A

The lateral pterygoid plates

65
Q

The superior orbital fissure is found where

A

Between the greater and lesser wings of the sphenoid

66
Q

Which part of the sella turcica in the sphenoid bone does the pituitary sit

A

Hypophyseal fossa

67
Q

Which part of the ethmoid bone makes up the roof of the nasal cavity

A

Cribiform plate

68
Q

The superior 2/3 of the nasal septum is formed by which structure

A

Perpendicular plate of the sphenoid bone

69
Q

What is contained in the ethmoidal labyrinths

A

Ethmoidal air cells - sinuses

70
Q

Which CN has a close relationship with the ethmoid bone

A

CN I - Olfactory nerve

71
Q

What are the 5 parts of the temporal bone

A

Squamous
Tympanic
Petromastoid
Zygomatic process
Styloid process

72
Q

The squamous part of the temporal bone is the origin of which muscle

A

Temporalis

73
Q

The zygomatic process of the temporal bone articulates with what to form the palpable cheek bone

A

Temporal process of the zygomatic bone

74
Q

Which part of the temporal bone surrounds the external auditory opening

A

Tympanic part of the temporal bone

75
Q

Which part of the temporal bone contains the inner ear

A

Petrous part

76
Q

Which muscles attach to the temporal bone

A

Temporalis
Masseter
Sternocleidomastoid
Posterior belly of digastric
Splenius capitus

77
Q

What is the pterion

A

the area where the temporal, parietal, frontal and sphenoid bones meet

78
Q

What are the three parts of the occipital bone

A

Squamous
Condylar
Basilar

79
Q

Which grooves are found on the interior surface of the occipital bone

A

Groove for transverse sinus
Groove for superior sagittal sinus
Internal occipital crest

80
Q

The falx cerebri attaches to which structure on the interior surface of the occipital bone

A

Internal occipital crest

81
Q

What are the 4 lines found on the external surface of the occipital bone

A

Supreme nuchal line
Superior nuchal line
Median nuchal line
Inferior nuchal line

82
Q

What do the occipital condyles articulate with

A

The atlas

83
Q

Which foramina are found in the occipital bone

A

Hypoglossal canal
Jugular foramen

84
Q

Which region of the occipital bone forms the anterior part of the foramen magnum

A

Basilar region of the occipital bone

85
Q

Why is the loose aerolar connective tissue over the occipital scalp known as the ‘danger area’

A

contains valveless emissary veins that connect the superficial veins in the subaponeurotic space with the intracranial venous sinuses
Makes it possible for infection to spread between the scalp to the meninges

86
Q

What are the parts of the mandible

A

Central body
2 vertical rami

87
Q

What are the 2 borders of the body of the mandible

A

Alveolar border - superior
Base - inferior

88
Q

What does the alveolar border of the mandible contain

A

16 sockets to hold the lower teeth

89
Q

What is enclosed within the mandibular symphysis

A

Mental protuberance

90
Q

What are the 3 parts of the rami of the mandible

A

Head
Neck
Coronoid process

91
Q

What does the head of the mandible articulate with

A

The temporal bone

92
Q

Which muscle attaches to the neck of the mandible

A

Lateral pterygoid muscle

93
Q

Which muscle attaches to the coronoid process of the mandible

A

Temporalis

94
Q

What 2 foramen are found in the mandible

A

Mandibular foramen
Mental foramen

95
Q

What passes through the mandibular foramen

A

Inferior alveolar nerve and inferior alveolar artery

96
Q

What passes through the mental foramen

A

Allows the inferior alveolar nerve and artery to exit the mandibular canal

97
Q

What does the inferior alveolar nerve become once it has passed through the mental foramen

A

Mental nerve

98
Q

Which muscles attach to the external surface of the body of the mandible

A

Mentalis
Buccinator
Platysma
Depressor labii inferioris
Depressor anguli oris

99
Q

Which muscles attach to the internal surface of the body of the mandible

A

Geniogossus
Geniohyoid
Mylohyoid
Digastric

100
Q

Which muscles attach to the rami of the mandible

A

Masseter
Temporalis
Medial pterygoid
Lateral pterygoid

101
Q

Which bones form the internal nasal septum

A

Paired bones - nasal, maxillary, palatine
Unpaired bones - Ethmoid and vomer bones

102
Q

Which bone forms the posterior aspect of the nasal septum

A

Vomer

MRCS (17 decks)

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