Emotions Flashcards
Theories of Emotion in Sport Psych
James-Lange Theory:
Cannon-Bard Theory:
Schachter-Singer Two-Factor Theory:
Types of Emotions Experienced in Sport
PNC
Positive Emotions:Joy, pride, excitement.
Negative Emotions:Anger, frustration, anxiety.
Complex Emotions:Mixed emotions, such as feeling both anxious and excited simultaneously.
The Impact of Emotion on Athletic Performance
Positive Impact:Enhances focus, boosts energy, increases motivation.
Negative Impact:Impairs decision-making, reduces concentration, drains energy.
Emotion-Performance Connection:Emotional states directly affect athletic output.
Emotional Regulation in Sport
Definition:Emotional regulation involves strategies to influence one’s emotional state.
Importance:Helps maintain focus, prevent burnout, and manage stress.
Positive Emotional Regulation Techniques
Positive Reappraisal:Shifting perspective to view situations more optimistically.
Goal Setting:Focusing on process goals rather than outcome goals to reduce pressure.
Pre-Performance Routines:Using routines to build confidence and reduce anxiety. Or rituals.
Self-talk
Visualization
Mindfulness
Negative Emotional Regulation Techniques
Suppression:Attempting to control or ignore emotional responses.
Distraction:Shifting focus away from the source of negative emotion.
Acceptance:Acknowledging emotions without letting them interfere with performance.
Emotional Regulation and Performance Consistency
Consistency Through Regulation:Emotion regulation leads to stable performance over time.
Building Mental Resilience:Regulation strengthens coping skills for challenges.
Reduced Performance Fluctuations:Effective regulation minimizes peaks and dips in performance.
Emotional Contagion in Team Sports
Definition:Emotional contagion is the spread of emotions from one team member to another.
Positive Contagion:Enhances team morale, cooperation, and performance.
Negative Contagion:Can lead to tension, frustration, and reduced team effectiveness.
The Role of Coaches in Emotional Management
Emotional Leadership:Coaches set the emotional tone for their teams.
Supportive Environment:Encouraging positive emotional expression helps athletes manage stress.
Intervention Techniques:Coaches can use tools like time-outs or motivational talks to regulate team emotions.
Emotional Intelligence in Athletes
Definition:Emotional intelligence (EI) is the ability to recognize, understand, and manage emotions.
Components of EI:Self-awareness, self-regulation, motivation, empathy, and social skills.
Importance in Sports:High EI enhances communication, stress management, and interpersonal dynamics.
Emotional Expression and Communication Within Teams
Open Communication:Encourages trust and cohesion among teammates.
Expressing Emotions Effectively:Helps manage stress and boosts morale.
Challenges in Emotional
Expression:Balancing vulnerability with strength in competitive settings.
The Impact of Emotion on Decision Making
Emotional Influence:Emotions can alter risk perception and judgment.
Positive Emotions:Tend to enhance optimism and risk-taking.
Negative Emotions:Often increase caution and reduce confidence.
Emotional Recovery After Competition
Importance of Recovery:Emotional recovery is essential to prevent burnout and maintain mental well-being.
Recovery Techniques:Physical rest, mental relaxation, and reflection on performance.
Role of Support Systems:Coaches, teammates, and family provide emotional support.
Emotional Resilience in Athletes
Definition:Emotional resilience is the ability to recover from emotional challenges.
Building Resilience:Exposure to challenging situations and learning from setbacks.
Impact on Performance:Resilient athletes maintain focus and confidence after setbacks.
Emotional Challenges in High-Stakes Competition
Pressure to Perform:High expectations can intensify emotions like anxiety and excitement.
Managing Competitive Stress:Techniques such as focus exercises, self-talk, and breathing help manage stress.
Learning from High-Stakes Experiences:Reflecting on these experiences fosters emotional growth and resilience.
Emotion and Sport Retirement
Emotional Transition:Retirement often brings feelings of loss, relief, and uncertainty.
Identity and Purpose:Many athletes struggle with finding a new sense of purpose post-retirement.
Support Systems in Transition:Counseling and mentorship can help athletes navigate this transition
Introduction to Anxiety in Sport
Definition of Anxiety in Sport:Anxiety is a feeling of worry, nervousness, or unease associated with upcoming events.
Focus:Understanding different types of anxiety and their impact on athletes.
Relevance in Sports:Anxiety affects athletic performance, motivation, and overall mental health.
Types of Anxiety in Sport
State Anxiety:Temporary anxiety that arises in response to specific situations.
Trait Anxiety:A general tendency to experience anxiety across different situations.
Somatic vs. Cognitive Anxiety:Physical symptoms vs. thought-based worry.
Causes of Anxiety in Athletes
Personal Factors:Individual traits like personality, past experiences, and self-esteem.
Situational Factors:Game context, competition level, audience presence.
Social Pressure:Expectations from coaches, teammates, and fans
Effects of Anxiety in Athletes
Cognitive Effects: Worry, distraction, and overthinking.
Physiological Effects: Muscle tension, increased heart rate, and sweating.
Behavioral Effects: Impulsive decisions, altered reaction time, and avoidance behaviors.
The Role of Athletic Identity in Anxiety
Athletic Identity: The extent to which an athlete’s self-concept is tied to their role in sports.
Influence on Anxiety: Strong athletic identity can increase anxiety, particularly after setbacks.
Balancing Identity: Developing interests outside of sports helps mitigate anxiety related to performance.
Models of Anxiety and Performance
Inverted-U Hypothesis: Optimal performance occurs at moderate anxiety levels.
Catastrophe Theory: Performance declines sharply once anxiety surpasses a critical threshold.
IZOF Model (Individual Zones of Optimal Functioning): Each athlete has a unique optimal anxiety level for performance.
Athlete Coping Strategies for Anxiety
Active Coping: Taking direct action to address the source of anxiety.
Avoidance Coping: Distracting oneself or avoiding anxiety-provoking situations.
Adaptive vs. Maladaptive Coping: Adaptive strategies reduce anxiety effectively, while maladaptive strategies may worsen it.
Cognitive-Behavioral Techniques (CBT) for Managing Anxiety
Cognitive Restructuring:Reframing negative thoughts to reduce cognitive anxiety.
Exposure Therapy:Gradual exposure to anxiety-inducing situations to build tolerance.
Goal Setting:Setting realistic goals to manage performance expectations.
Relaxation Techniques for Anxiety Management
Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR):Reduces physical tension by relaxing muscles.
Deep Breathing Exercises:Helps control physiological symptoms of anxiety.
Mindfulness and Meditation:Enhances focus and emotional regulation.
Self-Talk and Imagery Techniques
Self-Talk:Positive self-statements to boost confidence and reduce anxiety.
Imagery and Visualization:Mentally rehearsing success to build confidence and reduce fear.
Pre-Performance Routines:Creating routines to establish focus and reduce pre-competition anxiety.
Mindfulness and Managing Anxiety
Mindfulness in Sports:Involves maintaining awareness and staying present in the moment.
Benefits for Anxiety:Reduces rumination and helps athletes stay focused.
Mindfulness Practices:Techniques like body scanning, mindful breathing, and observing thoughts.
Role of Sports Psychologists in Managing Anxiety
Assessment and Diagnosis:Sports psychologists help identify anxiety types and triggers.
Development of Coping Strategies:Tailored approaches to manage anxiety based on individual needs.
Support During Transitions:Assistance with anxiety related to injuries, retirement, or major changes.
Measuring Anxiety
Common Anxiety Assessment Tools: Tools like the Sport Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Competitive State Anxiety Inventory (CSAI-2).
Purpose of Assessment: Identifies levels and types of anxiety, aiding in targeted interventions.
Interpreting Results: Helps coaches and sports psychologists tailor support strategies.
James-Lange Theory:
Emotions arise from physiological responses to stimuli.
Cannon-Bard Theory:
Emotional and physiological responses occur simultaneously but independently.
Schachter-Singer Two-Factor Theory:
Emotions are based on physiological arousal and cognitive labeling.
