Emotional intelligence Flashcards
What is emotional intelligence?
- The ability to understand your own emotions
- The emotions of those around you
- And use that knowledge effectively
- Ability to use emotions in a strategic way
Items from TEIQue-SF – Konstantinos Petrides
- Expressing my emotions with words is not a problem for me.
- I often find it difficult to see things from another person’s viewpoint.
- On the whole, I’m a highly motivated person.
- I usually find it difficult to regulate my emotions.
- I generally don’t find life enjoyable.
- I can deal effectively with people.
- I tend to change my mind frequently.
- Many times, I can’t figure out what emotion I’m feeling.
- I feel that I have a number of good qualities.
- I often find it difficult to stand up for my rights.
What are the Models of EI?
- Salovey & Mayer (1990)
- Goleman (1995)
- Bar-On (1997)
What is the Salovey and Mayer (1990) model?
- First clear theory of EI
- Posited 4 components
- Accurately perceiving emotions
- Using emotions to aid thinking
- Understanding emotional thinking
- Managing emotions – ability/skill
- Ability and skill based
What is the Goleman (1995) model?
- Most well-known
- ‘Mixed’ model - Emphasises ability and personality
- Salovey & Mayer more of an ability model
- Emotional intelligences form a hierarchy
What is Goleman’s 1995 Hierarchy?
- Sustain good interpersonal relations
- Assess and influence others emotions
- Emotion related to a drive for achievement
- Manage one’s own emotional states
- Identify one’s own emotional states
- Works from bottom to top
What is Goleman’s 2001 Hierarchy?
- Social skills/management
- Social awareness
- Self-regulation/management
- Self-awareness
- Bottom up
- Change of language
What did Goleman emphasise and measure?
- Emphasised physiology - Amygdala as a seat of EI. Over simplified and probably best ignored, not much research in the area (Matthews et al (2004))
- Measure - Emotional competence inventory (Goleman & Boyatzis, 2005). 360 degree measure/approach to EI. Other-rated, e.g. someone else rates a person. How forceful, assured, respectful, courteous, empathic etc
What was Bar-On (1997) - Emotional-social intelligence model?
- Evolutionary framework e.g. Darwin - We evolved to be adapted to social life – hence the need for EI
- Similar sort of constructs (Intrapersonal, Interpersonal, Adaptability, Stress management, General mood)
- First to develop a measure in this domain
- Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQi) - Overall score; five domains; fifteen facets. The overall score is used like IQ. Mean of 100; SD of 15. Proprietary
What is emotional intelligence associated with?
- Educational achievement - Downey et al (2008). Although somewhat mixed results in this domain, score higher in EI will have better educational outcomes
- Workplace achievement (Goleman 1998). People will do better in the workplace if they’re more emotionally intelligent, e.g. more people will like you, want to work, more likely to be promoted
- Life satisfaction/happiness – (Chamorro-Premuzik et al (2007)).
What did Connolly et al find when looking at Sex differences in emotional recognition ?
- Face and bodily expressions
- Across three studies, key finding was that there was no reliable difference except for disgust in the face
- Women more likely to recognise disgust
- Men and women do not differ that much
How does EI relate to PID?
- Are we just reinventing the wheel? Is social/emotion perception just general cognitive ability? Is interpersonal success just neuroticism, extraversion, and agreeableness?
- Important to know
- Jingle-jangle fallacy
- Jingle = two different things are the same because they bear the same name
- Jangle = two identical or almost identical things are different because they are labelled differently
- Implication = people may sell a product as new and sexy when it’s actually old knowledge
What did Lewis et al (2016) find when looking at facial and body expression ?
- Measured emotional expressions through looking at facial photographs
- Different body positions to express emotions
- Shown a face and have to choose from 5 emotions
- Consistency across recognising facial expressions
- Not as consistent when recognising body expressions
- Evidence that some people who are very good at facial but not as good for body
What correlations did Lewis et al find when looking at face specific factors?
face-specific factor: Autism symptoms: r = -.36 Alexithymia: r = -.32 Empathic concern: r = .24. Uncorrelated with general intelligence
What correlations did Lewis et al find when looking at supramodal factors?
Supramodal factor (general ability): General intelligence: r = .43 (not a big correlation) Alexithymia: r = -.21 Autism symptoms: r = -.12
