emergencies

Question 1

animal trauma triage scoring system

Answer 1

a way to assess the patients issues to determine if it’s an emergency or not

Question 2

6 categories of the ATT

Answer 2

Perfusion
cardiac
respiratory
eye/muscle/skin
skeletal
neurologic

Question 3

which categories do we place the most emphasis on in regards to urgency

Answer 3

respiratory, cardiac, neurologic - depending on severity: bleeding or broken limbs

Question 4

5 levels of triage

Answer 4

Resuscitation
Emergent
Urgent
Semi-urgent
Routine

Question 5

abnormal PE signs that can indicate emergencies

Answer 5

• severe bradycardia
• severe tachycardia
• Increased Respiratory effort
• MM color – any color other than pink
• CRT > 3 seconds
• Temperature - <98°F or > 105°F

Question 6

cardiac failure

Answer 6

causes: Valvular heart disease, Caval syndrome of Heartworm
disease, DCM, HCM

treatment:
- Handle with care
- Struggling, anxiety & stress can worsen conditions
- Oxygen supplementation
- IV catheter if not too stressful
- Cautious about administering fluids
- Diuretics, heart medications
- More diagnostic tests
- Radiographs/ Ultrasonograpy (Echo)

Question 7

severe hemorrhaging

Answer 7

causes:
- Severe wounds
- Blunt trauma, HBC, internal hemorrhage
- Post-surgical complication
- Rodenticide toxicity

treatment: (control bleeding)
- If wound on extremity, apply pressure bandage
- If wound on head of body, apply direct pressure
- Cover all chest & abdominal wounds
- IV catheter with aggressive fluid therapy
- Blood transfusion
- Shock medications
- O2 supplementation

Question 8

nosebleeds

Answer 8

causes: Trauma, foreign body, neoplasia, violent sneezing,
thrombocytopenia, Fungal disorders, oronasal fistula, rodenticide poisoning

treatment:
- Ice packs
- Digital pressure on maxillary arteries
- Sedation
- Suction of blood
- Foley catheter

Question 9

DIC

Answer 9

imbalance, excessive clot formation & bleeding

causes:
- Always secondary
- Burns, heatstroke, sepsis
- FIP, liver disease, snake bites
- Trauma, hemolysis, bacterial infection, neoplasia

treatment:
- Life-threatening, poor prognosis
- Treat Primary condition
- IV fluids – aggressive
- Colloids
- O2 supplementation

Question 10

rapid, shallow breathing

Answer 10

pneumonia, pleural effusion, pulmonary edema

Question 11

slow, deep breathing

Answer 11

asthma, laryngeal paralysis

Question 12

wheezing, hacking, coughing

Answer 12

tracheal collapse, laryngeal paralysis

Question 13

treatments to respiratory emergencies

Answer 13

• O2 supplementation
• Sedation
• Analgesics
• Antibiotics
• Cooling methods
• Intubation/Tracheostomy tube

Question 14

pneumothorax/tension pneumothorax

Answer 14

air or gas in thoracic cavity/ that air gets trapped and can’t escape

Question 15

thoracocentesis

Answer 15

surgical puncture and drainage of
fluid or air from the thoracic cavity