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Fetal Echo > Embryonic Cardiac Development > Flashcards

Embryonic Cardiac Development Flashcards

1
Q

What are the stages of embryonic cardiac developement?

A

Stage 1: single cardiac tube
Stage 2: further differentiation
Stage 3: absorption and septation

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2
Q

What happens in stage 1?

A

2 cardiac tubes combine to form 1, tube is lined with cardiac jelly and surrounded by myoepicardium mantle

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3
Q

When does stage 1 occur?

A

around day 22 of gestation

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4
Q

What are the different sections of the single tube?

A

-truncus arteriosus
-bulbis cordis (2 sections, conus cordis and truncus conus)
-primitive ventricle
-primitive atrium
-sinus venous

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5
Q

What does the truncus arteriosus become?

A

aorta and pulmonary artery

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6
Q

What are the sections of the bulbus cordis?

A

conus cordis and truncus conus

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7
Q

What does the conus cordis become?

A

LVOT and RVOT

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8
Q

What does the truncus conus become?

A

RV

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9
Q

What does the primitive ventricle become?

A

LV

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10
Q

What does the primitive atrium become?

A

RA and LA

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11
Q

What does the sinus venosus become?

A

inflow channels, IVC, SVC

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12
Q

What does the extra fold in the sinus venosus become?

A

eustachian valve

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13
Q

What is the order of blood flow in the primitive heart?

A

Enters through sinus venosus -> atrium -> primitive ventricle -> bulbus cordus -> truncus arteriosus

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14
Q

What happens in stage 2?

A

-the tube starts to loop, this is known as atrioventriculobulbo loop
-the top part bends anteriorly and to the right (dextro or d-looping)

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15
Q

When does stage 2 occur?

A

Tube starts to loops at day 23
Looping is complete at day 24
Stage 2 complete at day 28

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16
Q

What is the atrioventriculobulbo loop?

A

when the cardiac tube begins to loop at day 23

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17
Q

What us dextro or d-looping?

A

when the top part of the cardiac tube bends anteriorly and to the right

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18
Q

When does contraction of the heart begin?

A

28 days

19
Q

When is a heartbeat sonographically visible?

A

6w5d

20
Q

What is cardiac activity aka?

A

fetal heart motion (FHM)
fetal heart tones (FHT)

21
Q

What is a normal 1st trimester heartrate?

A

around 120bpm

22
Q

Is bradycardia or tachycardia more concerning?

A

bradycardia, indicator of embryonic demise

23
Q

What happens during stage 3?

A

atria and ventricles get seperated by IVS and IAS and endocardial cushion

24
Q

What divides the atria from ventricles?

A

endocardial cushion

25
Q

What are the layers of the IAS?

A

1st Layer: septum primum
2nd Layer: septum secundum

26
Q

When does the septum primum of the IAS develop?

A

day 30

27
Q

What does the septum primum of the IAS consist of?

A

has 2 openings, ostium primum and ostium secundum that allow for communication between atria

28
Q

When does the ostium secundum form?

A

day 33

29
Q

When does the septum secundum of the IAS develop?

A

day 37

30
Q

What does the septum secundum of the IAS consist of?

A

foramen ovale which remains open until birth, allows blood from RA to flow into LA, bypassing lungs

31
Q

What was the foramen ovale formerly known as?

A

ostium secundum

32
Q

How are the AV valves formed?

A

the fusion of the endocardial cushions

33
Q

To ensure correct anatomy, what must happen to the aorta and PA?

A

they must TWIST

34
Q

Where should the aorta be located?

A

posterior, connected to LV

35
Q

Where should the pulmonary artery be located?

A

anterior, connected to RV

36
Q

How many branches are there in the primitive aortic arch?

A

12 branches, 6 sets

37
Q

What happens to the 1st set of the primitive aortic arch?

A

disappear

38
Q

What happens to the 2nd set of the primitive aortic arch?

A

disappear

39
Q

What happens to the 3rd set of the primitive aortic arch?

A

Right and left carotids

40
Q

What happens to the 4th set of the primitive aortic arch?

A

Right branch: innominate and right subclavian
Left branch: aortic arch

41
Q

What happens to the 5th set of the primitive aortic arch?

A

disappear

42
Q

What happens to the 6th set of the primitive aortic arch?

A

Right branch: right pulmonary artery
Left branch: left pulmonary artery and ductus arteriosus

43
Q

How are semilunar valves formed?

A

from tubercles from main truncus arteriosus

Fetal Echo (3 decks)

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