Cardiac Abnormalities: Septums Flashcards
What is an abnormal opening in the wall of the IVS?
VSD
What are the 2 regions of the IVS?
membranous and muscular
What is the most common location for VSD?
membranous IVS
What defect lies immediately below PV outflow?
supracristal membranous VSD
What defect is located inferior and posterior to crista supraventricularis?
infracristal membranous VSD
What defect is between the MV and TV?
inlet septum (muscular VSD)
What defect is between the LV and RV in apex area?
trabecular (muscular VSD)
What defect is between the LVOT and RVOT?
outlet septum (muscular VSD)
What defect is just inferior to the membranous IVS?
membranous or perimembranous (muscular VSD)
What is the most common type of VSD?
membranous or perimembranous (80%)
What is the typical size of a VSD?
7mm-3cm
When do most ASD occur?
in the first 7 weeks of development
What are the types of ASD?
ostium primum, ostium secundum, sinus venosus
What ASD results from the failure of septum primum to fuse with endocardial cushion during septation?
ostium primum
How often does ostium primum ASD occur?
20%
What is the most common ASD that occurs 70% of the time?
ostium secundum
What ASD results from a PFO?
ostium secundum
How often does a sinus venosus ASD occur?
10%
Where does sinus venosus ASD occur?
superior portion of IAS near junction of SVC and RA
What ASD is located in the inferior septal area close to the coronary sinus?
coronary sinus ASD
What ASD has a complete or near absence of entire IAS?
common atria
How often does a PFO occur?
25-34% of people have PFO
What defects are associated with down’s syndrome?
endocardial cushion defects
What is aka AV canal defect?
endocardial cushion defect
What does a complete endocardial cushion defect consist of?
ostium primum ASD, perimembranous VSD, straddling AV valves
What connect the PA to the Aorta?
ductus arteriosus
When does the DA functionally close?
15 hours after birth
When does the DA structually close?
2-3 weeks after birth
What does the DA become after birth?
ligamentum arteriosus
What does a PDA place a burden on?
lungs
What can cause pulmonary hypertension?
patent ductus arteriosus causes increase load to lungs
What is it called when the muscle of the heart is not compacted together tightly?
myocardial non-compaction
What does myocardial non-compaction cause?
thick ventricle walls, dilated ventricle, poorly contracting ventricle
What are strands of tissue crossing in the LV?
LV bands
