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HEENT/derm > embryology of the eye > Flashcards

embryology of the eye Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

2 germ layers important for formation of the eye

A

somatic mesoderm
ectoderm- neural tube

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2
Q

when do the ocular tissues form

A

begin in week 3

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3
Q

what is the embryonic structure that becomes the optic vesicle

A

diencephalon

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4
Q

first morphologic evidence of eye formation

A

presence of optic sulcus

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5
Q

optic vesicle connected to diencephalon by the

A

optic stalk

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6
Q

mesenchyme of optic formation includes what

A

neural crest cells + head mesoderm

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7
Q

optic cup is formed from what

A

optic vesicle

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8
Q

optic vesicle ventral invagination forms what

A

optic fissure/choroid fissue

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9
Q

choroid/optic fissure fuses when

A

early 5th-7th week

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10
Q

how does the optic cup close

A

dorsal to ventral direction

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11
Q

when optic cup closes what does it enclose

A

hyoid artery
ophthalmic artery
lens

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12
Q

how do the retina and RPE form in relation to each other

A

they have opposite orientations and remain as distinct layers

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13
Q

how do retinal progenitors differentiate and move

A

divide at the apical side of retina and then move to the basal side

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14
Q

how many neuronal cell types in retina

A

6

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15
Q

layers of cells in retina apical to basal

A
  1. rods and cones
  2. horizontal cells
  3. bipolar cells
  4. amacrine cells
  5. ganglion cells
    Muller cells run the entire length
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16
Q

how many glial cells types in retina

A

1

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17
Q

photoreceptors

A

rods and cones

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18
Q

S-cones see what

A

short wavelengths- blue

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19
Q

M-cones see what

A

medium wavelengths- green

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20
Q

L-cones see what

A

long wavelengths- red

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21
Q

color blindness due to white

A

absence of one or more type of cone

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22
Q

when can the child begin to see color?

A

after the first few months

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23
Q

depression in retina forms- called what

A

macula

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24
Q

what is in the macula

A

fovea

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25
Q

what is special about fovea

A

light directly hits rods and cones- highest VA

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26
Q

when does fovea form

A

by month 7

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27
Q

vasculature of fovea

A

it is avascular

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28
Q

what does the fovea contain

A

only cones

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29
Q

what is the blind spot

A

the optic disk- where optic nerve inserts and no photoreceptors

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30
Q

what forms the iris stroma

A

neural crest and mesoderm

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31
Q

muscles of iris

A

dilator and sphincter pupillae

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32
Q

function of sphincter pupillae

A

constricts pupil- parasympathetic control

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33
Q

function of dilator pupillae

A

dilates pupil- sypathetic

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34
Q

where do the ciliary muscles come from

A

neural crest cells

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35
Q

what’d does the ciliary body consist of

A

pars plicata and pars plana

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36
Q

near vision activity of ciliary bodies

A

contracted

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37
Q

far vision activity of ciliary bodies

A

relaxed ciliary bodies

38
Q

innervation of ciliary muscles

A

parasympathetic fibers

39
Q

muscle responsible for near vision

A

circular muscle

40
Q

muscle responsible for far vision

A

radial muscle

41
Q

near vision lens

A

more convex

42
Q

far vision lens

A

less convex

43
Q

aqueous humor components

A

low protein concentration of plasma

44
Q

trabecular meshwork derivative

A

neural crest

45
Q

AH drains through what

A

Schlemms canal

46
Q

Tm changes throughout life

A

loss of cells as we age

47
Q

hyoid arteries surround what

A

lens to form the tunica vascutosa lentis (TVL)

48
Q

what happens to lens during development

A

becomes avascular when TVL regresses

49
Q

how do retinal arteries grow

A

from optic disk to the edge of retina

50
Q

does the retina have lymph vessels

A

no

51
Q

choriocapillaries supply what

A

RPE, photoreceptors and outer nuclear layers

52
Q

vessels of photoreceptor layer and outer nuclear layer

A

avascular but supllied by choriocapillaries

53
Q

veinous drainage of retina

A

vorticose veins

54
Q

layers of inner eye
- inner to outer

A

retina
RPE
Choroid layer
sclera

55
Q

sclera and choroid derivative

A

mesoderm

56
Q

what’s the uvea

A

choroid, iris, ciliary bodies

57
Q

necessary component of iris and retina formation

A

Pax6

58
Q

what do zonular fibers connect to

A

lens capsule

59
Q

solid part of vitrous

A

vitreous body

60
Q

liquid part of vitreous

A

vitreous humor

61
Q

what makes the vitreous humor

A

ciliary bodies

62
Q

what does vitreous shrinkage lead to

A

floaters

63
Q

when does pupillary membrane regress

A

between 6th and 8th weeks

64
Q

layers of cornea

A

epithelium
Bowens layer
stroma
descemets membrane
endothelium

65
Q

vessels fo cornea

A

it is avascular

66
Q

when do eyelids reopen

A

by week 26

67
Q

what forms the lacrimal glands

A

palpebral epithelium

68
Q

chalazion is infection of the

A

meibomian gland

69
Q

hordeulum is infection of

A

gland of zeis

70
Q

space between lens and retina

A

vitreous chamber

71
Q

space between lens and iris

A

posterior chamber

72
Q

space between cornea and lens

A

anterior chamber

73
Q

congenital cataracts

A

opacities of lens resulting from virus or mutations

74
Q

persistent pupillary membrane is what

A

problem with pupillary membrane not regressing and it will cover pupil

75
Q

coloboma

A

bilateralgap or defect in some structure of eye derived from slit in optic vesicle

76
Q

cause of coloboma

A

failure of closure or fusion of embryonic optic fissure

77
Q

histological changes in retina of glaucoma

A

atrophy of nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell layer

78
Q

change seen in optic nerve of glaucoma

A

optic nerve cupping

79
Q

bulgy eyes in children

A

bupthalmos

80
Q

retinal detachment site of detachment

A

between RPE and outer segment layers of rods and cones

81
Q

retinal detachment consequences

A

can lead to blinds due to lack of blood supply

82
Q

retinopathy of prematurity

A

higher oxygen environemnt at birth than normal
- decrease in VegF

83
Q

phase 1 of retinopathy of prematurity

A

vessel loss- low vegF

84
Q

phase 2 of retinopathy of prematurity

A

vessel proliferation- neovascularization

85
Q

anophthalmia

A

complete absence of ocular tissue due to failure of optic vessel formation

86
Q

microphthalmia

A

small eyes associated with intrauterine infections from TORCH

87
Q

aphakia

A

no lens

88
Q

microphakia

A

small lens

89
Q

retinal blastoma

A

retinal tumor that forms in eye in children under 5
- RB mutations and autosomal dominant

90
Q

leukocoria

A

white pupil seen in retinoblastoma

91
Q

what is the normal role of Rb

A

regulates the R point of the G1-S transition of cell cycle

HEENT/derm (7 decks)

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