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HEENT/derm > autonomic nervous system > Flashcards

autonomic nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

autonomic is a division of what part of the nervous system

A

peripheral nervous system

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2
Q

parts of the ANS

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic and enteric nervous system

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3
Q

neurons that arise from CNS

A

preganglionic fibers

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4
Q

where do pre ganglionic fibers synapse

A

ganglia

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5
Q

neurons that arise from ganglia and synapse of effector tissue

A

post ganglionic fibers

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6
Q

preganglionic sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers release what

A

Acetylcholine

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7
Q

parasympathetic post ganglionic fibers release what

A

acetylcholine

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8
Q

sympathetic post ganglionic fibers release what

A

norepinephrine (mostly) and epinephrine

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9
Q

Acetylcholine synthesis

A

acetyl CoA + choline via choline acetyltransferase

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10
Q

nicotinic receptors are what type of receptor

A

ligand gated ion channels: ionotropic

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11
Q

muscarinic receptors are what type of receptor

A

g-protein coupled- metabotropic

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12
Q

what is M2 receptor and where is it

A

a muscarinic receptor in the heart and glands

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13
Q

what is M3 receptor and where is it

A

muscarinic receptor in smooth muscle

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14
Q

structure of metabotropic receptors

A

7 TM receptor with alpha, beta and gamma subunits

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15
Q

M1, M3, M5 receptors bound to what G protein and what does it do

A

Gq activate PLC to increase intracellular Calcium stores

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16
Q

M2, M4 bound to what G protein and what does it do

A

Gi which inhibits adenylyl cyclase and lowers cAMP

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17
Q

what does M3 do

A

causes calcium release form internal stored via IP3 receptor

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18
Q

what does MLCK do

A

initiates cross bridge cycling after calcium influx

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19
Q

is an action potential necessary to contract smooth muscle

A

no, it can be contacted via a graded potential

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20
Q

what activated MLCK?

A

influx of calcium

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21
Q

smooth muscle cell relaxation mechanism

A

cAMP

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22
Q

dopamine is involved in what

A

motivation, reward, motor control

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23
Q

what NTs mediate post ganglionic sympathetic transmission

A

norepinephrine, epinephrine

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24
Q

what type of receptors are dopaminergic and adrenergic receptors

A

metabotropic

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25
Q

what are adrenergic receptors

A

those that release norepinephrine or epinephrine

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26
Q

B2 receptors in smooth muscle are coupled to what

A

Gs

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27
Q

what inhibits MLCK

A

increased cAMP

28
Q

what does norepinephrine bind

A

preferentially alpha receptors
- Alpha 1 in vascular smooth muscle
- beta 1 in heart

29
Q

epinephrine primarily binds what

A

beta 2 receptors

30
Q

what does beta 1 do

A

relaxation via Gs

31
Q

what does beta 2 do

A

relaxation via Gs

32
Q

what does alpha 1 do

A

smooth muscle contraction via Gq

33
Q

monoamine intracellular deactivation

A

monoamine oxidase of serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine

34
Q

systemic effects of parasympathetic activation

A

secretions and smooth muscle motility

35
Q

systemic effects of sympathetic activation

A

increased O2 delivery to tissues
increased metabolism
heightened brain activity

36
Q

what is autonomic tone?

A

contribution from both sympathetic and parasympathetic branches to form dual innervation/balance

37
Q

organophosphate poisoning

A

sympathetic innervation + cholinergic effects at muscarinic and nicotinic

38
Q

Sympathetic prganglionic fiber synapses directly onto what to cause release of NE and E into circulation

A

adrenal medulla

39
Q

many autonomic effects are _____ and initiated by spinal cord or brains stem

40
Q

NE on B1 receptor in heart causes what

A

SNS: increase in cardiac contractibility and heart rate

41
Q

Ach on M2 in heart causes what

A

PNS: decrease in heart rate

42
Q

NE on A1 in vasculature causes what

A

SNS: vasoconstriction

43
Q

Ach on M3 in vasculature causes what

A

PNS: vasodilation
- on endothelium not vessel

44
Q

Ach tends to be colocalized with what

45
Q

what does VIP cause

A

relaxation via NO

46
Q

Ach stimulates what

A

eNOS: endothelial nitric oxide synthase

47
Q

what is result of NO in vascular smooth muscle

A

decreases cytosolic Ca2+

48
Q

result of sympathomimetics

A

increase in sympathetic effects: increase in HR and contractability

49
Q

result of sympatholytics

A

decrease in sympathetic effects: decrease HR and contractibility

50
Q

why do B1 and B2 have opposing effects on muscle contraction

A

they are located in different areas

51
Q

what does carotid baroreceptor do

A

sense BP and send to medulla to cause change in HR and constriction

52
Q

B2 effects in pulmonary system

A

SNS: bronchodilator

53
Q

M2 effects in pulmonary system

A

PNS: bronchoconstriction

54
Q

M3 effect in eye

A

PNS: lens accommodation contraction to see near vision and pupillary constriction

55
Q

B2 in eye

A

SNS: lens accommodation to see far vision

56
Q

A1 in eye

A

SNS: pupil dilation via constriction of radial muscle

57
Q

alpha 1 agonist eye drops

A

A1 receptor coupled to Gq, causes vasoconstriction in eye

58
Q

PNS in GI tract

A

increases secretions and motility

59
Q

SNS in GI tract

A

decreases secretions and motility

60
Q

what nerve innervates the kidney

A

splanchnic nerve

61
Q

bladder filling is

A

sympathetic

62
Q

bladder emptying is

A

parasympathetic

63
Q

erection is what

A

PNS allowing blood to fill the tissue

64
Q

emission/ejaculation is what

A

sympathetic innervation

65
Q

PNS during an erection is responsible for what

A

relaxation of arterial smooth muscle to allow blood to fill
NO generations cGMP to decrease intracellular Ca

66
Q

erection is terminated by what

HEENT/derm (7 decks)

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