Embryology-Liver and Accessory Organs Flashcards
What does the septum transvedsum become?
Diaphragm
Where does the umbilical vein go?
Liver
What happens to the ventral pancreatic duct during development?
It fused with the main pancreatic duct and the common bile duct to form the ampulla of Vater in the small intestine.
Why might young kids present with cholestasis and jaundice?
There are sphincters that allow bile to flow into the small intestine (sphincter of common bile duct, sphincter of hepatopancreatic ampulla). If these are atretic, kids present with these symptoms.
What makes up the common bile duct?
Gallbladder’s cystic duct and the liver’s hepatic duct.
What region of the liver lobule is affected first with carbon tetrachloride poisoning and why?
The acinus furthest away from the portal veins. This is because they receive the lowest oxygenated blood and will die off first…hence zone III is called the area of necrosis
What vessels do you find in the hepatic lobules?
Peripherally you have the portal triad (hepatic artery, portal vein and bile duct) and Kupffer cells. These drain to the centrally located…central vein.
When do you start thinking a patient may have a low grade hepatocellular adenocarcinoma?
When hepatic sinusoids are more than two endothelial cell layers thick
What types of cells line the vessels in the portal triad?
Endothelial cells in the vein and artery. Cuboidal cells in the bile ducts.
Where does blood enter here and where does it go to?
Enters: from portal veins. Goes to hepatic vein and IVC.
What is contained in the circled area?
Cannaliculi that bind two hepatocytes
What cells are the scavengers of the liver?
Kupffer cells
What happens in the space of Disse?
This is where nutrients move through to be absorbed by the hepatocytes.
What is happening here?
Extra medullary hematopoiesis in a newborn, note the RBCs and WBCs.
What disease is shown below?
Ductal plate malformation happens when the bile ducts fail to atrophy in Caroli disease. This is an autosomal recessive condition that results in enlarged bile ducts.
What does a patient have if the gallbladder is found on the left?
Situs inversus
Why does this patient have pulmonary hypoplasia?
Diaphragmatic hernia is incomplete development of the diaphragm that allows bowel and liver to go where the lung needs to go.
What disorders are commonly associated with neonatal cholestasis?
Extrahepatic biliary atresia, idiopathic neonatal hepatitis, alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency.
What is the most frequent cause of chronic cholestasis in infants and how do you treat them?
Biliary atresia. Treated with surgery or liver transplant because most hepatic obstructions go well into the liver.
