Anatomy Review

Question 1

Primary artery of foregut

Answer 1

Celiac artery

Question 2

Location of visceral pain in foregut

Answer 2

Epigastric

Question 3

Primary artery of midgut

Answer 3

SMA

Question 4

Location of visceral pain in midgut

Answer 4

Periumbilical

Question 5

Primary artery of hindgut

Answer 5

IMA

Question 6

Location of visceral pain in hindgut

Answer 6

Hypogastric

Question 7

Location of vagus nerves in the abdominal cavity?

Answer 7

LARP: Left becomes Anterior, Right becomes Posterior

Question 8

What layer is absent in the esophagus?

Answer 8

Serosa

Question 9

Where does the foregut begin and end?

Answer 9

Start: lips, End: Duodenal papilla

Question 10

Where does the midgut begin and end?

Answer 10

Begin: Duodenal papilla, End: Junction of proximal 2/3 and distal 1/3 of transverse colon

Question 11

Where does the hindgut begin and end?

Answer 11

Begin: junction of proximal 2/3 and distal 1/3 of transverse colon, End: Anus

Question 12

When viewed from the front, around what structure does the primitive intestinal loop make its 270 degree counterclockwise rotation?

Answer 12

SMA. This rotation will place the cecum in the right lower quadrant.

Question 13

What life-threatening condition are infants prone to when they have malrotation of the midgut?

Answer 13

Vovlulus

Question 14

What external colonic muscle bands converge at the vermiform appendix and splay out to encircle the rectum?

Answer 14

Teniae coli, they are 3 longitudinal bands of muscle that run along the outside of the colon.

Question 15

Failure of intestinal loops to return to the abdomen

Answer 15

Omphalocele

Question 16

Failure of the abdominal wall to completely form.

Answer 16

Gastroschisis, leaves intestine exposed.

Question 17

Newborn with projectile, clear vomit and failure to thrive.

Answer 17

Pyloric stenosis

Question 18

Branches of the splenic artery to the fundus of the stomach

Answer 18

Short gastric arteries

Question 19

Greater omentum joins the greater curvature of the stomach to what structure?

Answer 19

Transverse colon.

Question 20

What is the name of the landmark where the duodenum exits the retroperitoneum and becomes the jejunum?

Answer 20

Ligament of Treitz (suspensory muscle of the abdomen)

Question 21

What distinguishes the jejunum from the ileum?

Answer 21

Size, plicae circulares and length of vasa rectae.

Question 22

What organ is the uncinate process a part of?

Answer 22

Pancreas

Question 23

If one places the left index finger into this foramen and the thumb anterior to the foramen, the portal vein, proper hepatic artery and common bile duct will be pinched by your fingers.

Answer 23

Foramen of Winslow (epiploic foramen that enters the lesser sac)

Question 24

3 branches from the celiac artery

Answer 24

Left gastric, common hepatic and splenic.

Question 25

Duodenal ulcers can rupture what artery to cause major hemorrhage?

Answer 25

Gastroduodenal artery

Question 26

What divides the liver into two lobes?

Answer 26

Plane that joins the gallbladder and IVC

Question 27

3 tributaries of the portal vein

Answer 27

Splenic, SMV, IMV

Question 28

How does the gallbladder drain into the common bile duct?

Answer 28

Via the cystic duct

Question 29

Where does lymphatic drainage of the small intestine eventually end up?

Answer 29

Cisterna chyli -> Thoracic duct -> Left subclavian vein

Question 30

What is it called when the bowel invaginates on itself?

Answer 30

Intussusception

Question 31

What guides the main arteries of the spleen?

Answer 31

Splenorenal ligament

Question 32

What major pancreatic duct is contained by duodenal papilla?

Answer 32

Pancreatic duct of Wirsung

Question 33

What is the minor pancreatic duct called?

Answer 33

Santorini

Question 34

Condition where Auerbach’s neural plexus is missing in the rectal area?

Answer 34

Hirschprung’s disease

Question 35

Watershed region of the colon

Answer 35

Splenic flexure

Question 36

Small artery that supplies the watershed region of the colon?

Answer 36

Marginal artery of Drummond, a branch from the SMA runs along the mesenteric border to the splenic flexure.

Question 37

Where are colonic diverticulae most numberous?

Answer 37

Sigmoid colon

Question 38

Severe cirrhosis and portal hypertension can cause massive hemorrhage via…

Answer 38

Esophageal varices rupture

Question 39

What is Mecke’s diverticulum?

Answer 39

A remnant of the vitelline duct, also called omphalomesenteric duct.