Embryology: Great Vessels Flashcards
What is the definition of Vasculogenesis?
Formation of blood vessels de novo, in early life, from individual cell precusors; Angioblasts
What is Angiogenesis?
Development of blood vessels from preexisting vessels.
How is the Truncus Arteriosus formed?
Vasuclogenesis; gives rise Dorsal Aorta & Cardinal V.
Vasculogenesis is derived from what embryological structure?
Mesoderm
1st Pharyngeal Arch supplies blood flow to what structures?
Cheek and Jaw
Ventral Segmental Arteries are derivatives of what?
They also give rise to what arteries?
Splanchnic layer of lateral plate mesoderm and endoderm
2) Celiac A., Superior Mesenteric A., & Inferior Mesenteric A.
Lateral segmental Arteries are derived from what structure?
Also, they give rise to what structures?
Intermediate mesoderm.
2) Kidneys, Gonads, & Testicles; Renal A.
Dorsal Segmental Arteries are derived from what structures?
Also, they give rise to what structures?
Derived from Somites.
2) Posterior Intercostal A., Lumbar As., and Vertebral As.
When does the formation of the rudiments of the remaining aortic arches take place?
Days 26-32
When does the completion of the aortic arches take place?
Days 32-37
1st Aortic Arch gives rise to the?
External Carotid and Maxillary As.
EM is 1st priority
2nd aortic arch gives rise to the?
Stems of stapedial arteries (in the ear)
The 2nd Stampede
Aortic Sac gives rise to the?
Brachiocephalic A. & Base of the arch of the aorta
Aortic Sac is filled w/ BBs
3rd Aortic Arch gives rise to the?
Common Carotid & Internal Carotid
3rd CCed Copy
4th Aortic Arch gives rise to?
Left: Medial portion of the aortic arch.
Right: Proximal Rt. Subclavian.
(you 4got M at the R. Subclavian)
6th Aortic Arch gives rise to?
Pulmonary Arteries;
Left: Distal Ductus Arteriosus.
Right: Distal Degenerates (This will degenerate)
(6th Pulmonary Defibrilative Device that has failed)
7th Intersegmental Arteries gives rise to?
Right: Distal part of the right subclavian A.
Left: Entire left subclavian A.
(that 7th Sub was a Dis)
Dorsal Aorta gives rise to?
Left; descending Aorta
Right: Portion of the right subclavian A.
(the Dorsal Desending Subclavian)
At birth what causes a closure of the ductus arteriosus?
Increased oxygen, decreased prostaglandins, and increased bradykinins
What is a preductal Coarctation of the Aorta defined as?
Constriction above the ductus arteriosus
It is a preview; above
What is a postductal coarctation of the Aorta defined as?
Constriction inferior to the ductus arteriosus
Post exam review; inferior
What vascular anastamosis allows patients with a coractation of the aorta to remain relatively asymptomatic?
Anastamosis of the Intercostal A w/ the Inferior epigastric A.
Coarctation of the Aorta is known as what?
Narrowing of stenosis along the artery
Remodeling of the veins takes place when?
Weeks 4-8
The left horn of the sinus venosus gives rise to what?
Coronary Sinus & Oblique V.
The right horn of the Sinus Venosus gives rise to what?
R. Atrium (Crista Terminalis & Sinus Spinosus)
{Crista & Sinus were right}
The Vitelline V. Is derived from what?
Also, what is its’ oxygen content?
Yolk Sac & liver; low O2
Where does the Umbilical V. Come from?
Also, what is its oxygen content?
Comes from the placenta; high O2 levels.
What do the left and right Vitelline veins, which are proximal to the heart become?
Left: Degenerates
Right: Persists
(Vi; must degenerate or persist)
What do the left and right Vitelline veins, within the liver, become?
Right & Left: Form Portal V.
Right: forms Hepatic V.
liver; portal, that is hepatic!}
What does the right Umbilical V. Become?
Degenerates entirely.
What does the left umbilical V. Become?
Proximally; degenerates
Within the liver; forms ductus venosus
Distally: Persists in embryo; providing placental return.
{Left; PWD; Persists}
What is the function of the anterior cardinal V.?
Drainage from the cranial territory
What does the Right, anterior, Cardinal V. Form?
Internal jugular & superior vena cava
What does the left anterior cardinal V. Form?
brachiocephalic V.
What are the function of the posterior Cardinal Vs?
Drainage from the body wall
What happens during remodeling of the veins; weeks 4-8, to the posterior Cardinal Vs?
Posterior system degenerates; except for the root of the Azygos and Common Iliac.
A left superior vena cava is defined by what?
Persistence of the left anterior cardinal V. &
obliteration of the common cardinal and proximal part of the anterior cardinal veins on the right.
A double superior vena cava is defined as what?
PErsistence of the left anterior cardinal vein and failure of the left brachiocephalic vein to form.
The Hepatic segment of the inferior vena cava is comprised of?
Rt. Vitelline, Hepatic veins & sinuses
The Prerenal portion of the inferior vena cava consists of?
Rt. Subcardinal
The Renal portion of the inferior vena cava consists of?
Subcardinal-supracardinal anastomosis
The postrenal portion of the inferior vena cava is compromised of?
Rt. Supracardinal
A double inferior vena cava is formed via what?
Persistence of Left Sacrocardinal V.
