Embryology: Great Vessels

Question 1

What is the definition of Vasculogenesis?

Answer 1

Formation of blood vessels de novo, in early life, from individual cell precusors; Angioblasts

Question 2

What is Angiogenesis?

Answer 2

Development of blood vessels from preexisting vessels.

Question 3

How is the Truncus Arteriosus formed?

Answer 3

Vasuclogenesis; gives rise Dorsal Aorta & Cardinal V.

Question 4

Vasculogenesis is derived from what embryological structure?

Answer 4

Mesoderm

Question 5

1st Pharyngeal Arch supplies blood flow to what structures?

Answer 5

Cheek and Jaw

Question 6

Ventral Segmental Arteries are derivatives of what?

They also give rise to what arteries?

Answer 6

Splanchnic layer of lateral plate mesoderm and endoderm

2) Celiac A., Superior Mesenteric A., & Inferior Mesenteric A.

Question 7

Lateral segmental Arteries are derived from what structure?

Also, they give rise to what structures?

Answer 7

Intermediate mesoderm.

2) Kidneys, Gonads, & Testicles; Renal A.

Question 8

Dorsal Segmental Arteries are derived from what structures?

Also, they give rise to what structures?

Answer 8

Derived from Somites.

2) Posterior Intercostal A., Lumbar As., and Vertebral As.

Question 9

When does the formation of the rudiments of the remaining aortic arches take place?

Answer 9

Days 26-32

Question 10

When does the completion of the aortic arches take place?

Answer 10

Days 32-37

Question 11

1st Aortic Arch gives rise to the?

Answer 11

External Carotid and Maxillary As.

EM is 1st priority

Question 12

2nd aortic arch gives rise to the?

Answer 12

Stems of stapedial arteries (in the ear)

The 2nd Stampede

Question 13

Aortic Sac gives rise to the?

Answer 13

Brachiocephalic A. & Base of the arch of the aorta

Aortic Sac is filled w/ BBs

Question 14

3rd Aortic Arch gives rise to the?

Answer 14

Common Carotid & Internal Carotid

3rd CCed Copy

Question 15

4th Aortic Arch gives rise to?

Answer 15

Left: Medial portion of the aortic arch.
Right: Proximal Rt. Subclavian.

(you 4got M at the R. Subclavian)

Question 16

6th Aortic Arch gives rise to?

Answer 16

Pulmonary Arteries;
Left: Distal Ductus Arteriosus.
Right: Distal Degenerates (This will degenerate)

(6th Pulmonary Defibrilative Device that has failed)

Question 17

7th Intersegmental Arteries gives rise to?

Answer 17

Right: Distal part of the right subclavian A.
Left: Entire left subclavian A.

(that 7th Sub was a Dis)

Question 18

Dorsal Aorta gives rise to?

Answer 18

Left; descending Aorta
Right: Portion of the right subclavian A.

(the Dorsal Desending Subclavian)

Question 19

At birth what causes a closure of the ductus arteriosus?

Answer 19

Increased oxygen, decreased prostaglandins, and increased bradykinins

Question 20

What is a preductal Coarctation of the Aorta defined as?

Answer 20

Constriction above the ductus arteriosus

It is a preview; above

Question 21

What is a postductal coarctation of the Aorta defined as?

Answer 21

Constriction inferior to the ductus arteriosus

Post exam review; inferior

Question 22

What vascular anastamosis allows patients with a coractation of the aorta to remain relatively asymptomatic?

Answer 22

Anastamosis of the Intercostal A w/ the Inferior epigastric A.

Question 23

Coarctation of the Aorta is known as what?

Answer 23

Narrowing of stenosis along the artery

Question 24

Remodeling of the veins takes place when?

Answer 24

Weeks 4-8

Question 25

The left horn of the sinus venosus gives rise to what?

Answer 25

Coronary Sinus & Oblique V.

Question 26

The right horn of the Sinus Venosus gives rise to what?

Answer 26

R. Atrium (Crista Terminalis & Sinus Spinosus) {Crista & Sinus were right}

Question 27

The Vitelline V. Is derived from what? Also, what is its' oxygen content?

Answer 27

Yolk Sac & liver; low O2

Question 28

Where does the Umbilical V. Come from? Also, what is its oxygen content?

Answer 28

Comes from the placenta; high O2 levels.

Question 29

What do the left and right Vitelline veins, which are proximal to the heart become?

Answer 29

Left: Degenerates Right: Persists (Vi; must degenerate or persist)

Question 30

What do the left and right Vitelline veins, within the liver, become?

Answer 30

Right & Left: Form Portal V. Right: forms Hepatic V. liver; portal, that is hepatic!}

Question 31

What does the right Umbilical V. Become?

Answer 31

Degenerates entirely.

Question 32

What does the left umbilical V. Become?

Answer 32

Proximally; degenerates Within the liver; forms ductus venosus Distally: Persists in embryo; providing placental return. {Left; PWD; Persists}

Question 33

What is the function of the anterior cardinal V.?

Answer 33

Drainage from the cranial territory

Question 34

What does the Right, anterior, Cardinal V. Form?

Answer 34

Internal jugular & superior vena cava

Question 35

What does the left anterior cardinal V. Form?

Answer 35

brachiocephalic V.

Question 36

What are the function of the posterior Cardinal Vs?

Answer 36

Drainage from the body wall

Question 37

What happens during remodeling of the veins; weeks 4-8, to the posterior Cardinal Vs?

Answer 37

Posterior system degenerates; except for the root of the Azygos and Common Iliac.

Question 38

A left superior vena cava is defined by what?

Answer 38

Persistence of the left anterior cardinal V. & obliteration of the common cardinal and proximal part of the anterior cardinal veins on the right.

Question 39

A double superior vena cava is defined as what?

Answer 39

PErsistence of the left anterior cardinal vein and failure of the left brachiocephalic vein to form.

Question 40

The Hepatic segment of the inferior vena cava is comprised of?

Answer 40

Rt. Vitelline, Hepatic veins & sinuses

Question 41

The Prerenal portion of the inferior vena cava consists of?

Answer 41

Rt. Subcardinal

Question 42

The Renal portion of the inferior vena cava consists of?

Answer 42

Subcardinal-supracardinal anastomosis

Question 43

The postrenal portion of the inferior vena cava is compromised of?

Answer 43

Rt. Supracardinal

Question 44

A double inferior vena cava is formed via what?

Answer 44

Persistence of Left Sacrocardinal V.