Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CP Final Exam F'16 > CV Embryology > Flashcards

CV Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

What does a Acyanotic cardiac anomaly comprise?

A

No shunt or a left to right shunt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does a Cyanotic shunt comprise of?

A

Right to left shunt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does a no shunt comprise of?

A

Anomalies or aortic arches or Coartication of the aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Disruption of Retinoid signalling produces what type of effect?

A

AV Canal defect (Due to lack or remodeling of the AV cushions)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

A patent foramen ovale is present; leaving a shunt open from the right atrium to the left atrium. This is a failure of closure of what embryological structure?

A

Foramen Ovale; open due to failure of Septum Secundum to close

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Defects with the interventricular septum are due to what structure?

A

The membranous part of the septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The interventicullar septum acts as a division for what structures?

A

Divides L. Atrium and Right Ventricle from each other as well as the ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The membranous part of the interventricular septum is derived from what embryological structures?

A

Neural Crest Cells and Splanchnic Mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The muscular part of the interventricular septum is derived from what embryological structure(s)?

A

Splanchnic Mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The interventricular septum is formed via fusion of what three embryological structures?

A

Endocardial cushion, Right Bulbar Ridge, and Left Bulbar Ridge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What mechanism can lead to aortic or pulmonary valve defects?

A

Disruption of neural crest cells that contribute truncoconal cushions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Umbilical arteries become what in adults?

A

Medial Umbilical Ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Foramen Ovale: Allows what to occur in the fetus?

A

Right atrium to pass blood into the left atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Oxygen rich blood in the fetus goes to what structures?

A

HRT, Cornary A. & Head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the purpose of the Ductus Venosus in the fetus?

A

Shunts blood around the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does the ductus venosus become in an adult?

A

Ligamentum Hemosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does the left umbilical V. Become in an adult?

A

Round Ligament of the liver

18
Q

When progressing form a fetal circulation to a neonatal circulation what happens to the foramen ovale?

A

Septum primum and septum secundum fuse and close the forame ovale; know it becomes the fossa ovalis.

19
Q

What is the function of the ductus arteriosus in the fetus?

What is known as in adults?

A

1) Blood from the pulmonary trunk to the aorta

2) Ligamentum Arteriosum

20
Q

What are the causes of the PDA not closing?

A

1) Low O2

2) PGE2 (Vasodilator); mediated by COX-2

21
Q

What is a treatment for PDA?

A

COX -2 Inihibitor; Ibuprofen or Indomethacin

22
Q

What is embryological basis for an Atrial Septal Defect?

ALso, what type of shunt is this?

A

Problems with Septum Primum; either Foramen Primum or Foramen Secundum

2) L - R Shunt (Acyanotic)

23
Q

What is embryological etiology for a patent foramen ovale?

A

Excessive cell death and resorption of either the septum primum or inadequate development of the septum secundum.

24
Q

What is the embryological etiology of a probe patent foramen?

A

Results from an incomplete adhesion between foramen ovale and the septum secundum; after birth

25
Q

What is the classification and embryological etiology for a Ventricular Septal Defect?

A

1) Acyanotic (Can be Cynaotic if hole is big enough)

2) D/t failure of neural crest cells to migrate

26
Q

What is the definition of a cleft valve?

A

It is a valve with a seperation (cleft) down the middle

27
Q

What are the characteristics of a Complete AV Septal Defect?

A

Primum ASD continuous w/ VSD & Common Mitral Valve

28
Q

What are the characteristics of a Transitional AV Septal Valve defect?

A

Large primum defect (ASD), Cleft Mitral Valve, & VSD

29
Q

What are the characteristics of a partial AV Septal Defect?

A

Primum (ASD), Single AV valve annulus w/ two separate valve orifices, and cleft leaflet of mitral valve

30
Q

What is the embryological etiology for a AV Septal defect?

A

Partial or complete failure of the endocardial cushions to form

31
Q

How is a partial AV Septal defect classified in terms of Cyanotic or Acyanotic?

A

Acyanotic

32
Q

How is a complete AV Septal defect classified in terms of Cyanotic or Acyanotic?

A

Cyanotic

33
Q

What other embryological features would one see w/ a Complete AV Septal Defect?

A

Left Atrium and Ventricular septal defect

34
Q

20% of people w/ Down’s Syndrome are associated w/ what defect?

A

AV Septal Defect

35
Q

What is the embryological etiology for a “Corrected” Transposition of the Great Vessels?

A

Reversed rotation of the heart or Improper septation of the outflow tract

36
Q

What are the characteristics of transposition of the great vessels?

2) Cyanotic or Acyanotic
3) Etiology

A

1) Great Vessels from wrong ventricles (Ex: Aorta from RV); Septal defects, and Persistent Ductus Arteriosus
2) R - L Shunt; Cyanotic
3) Neural Crest Cell; not undergoing proper spiraling during septation

37
Q

What are some features for Truncus Arteriosus?

2) Cyanotic or Acyanotic
3) Embyrological Explanation for this defect?

A

1) Single great vessel, interventricular septal defect
2) Cyanotic
3) Truncal & Lobar ridges fail to form; neural crest cells did not migrate

38
Q

What are some features of the tetralogy of Fallot?

2) Cyanotic or Acyanotic
3) Embryological Etiology?

A

1) Pulmonary stenosis; RV hypertrophy, interventricular septal defect, overriding aorta
2) Mixture w/ overriding aorta (Cyanotic)
3) Septation of outflow tract issue; Neural crest cells did not migrate

39
Q

What are some features of Critical Aortic Stenosis?

2) Cyanotic or Acyanotic

A

1) Tachypnea, Poor feeeding, poor perfusion

2) Cyanotic

40
Q

What are some features of Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome?

2) Cyanotic or Acyanotic
3) Info

A

1) Mitral valve stenosis, left ventricle hypoplastic, aortic valve stenosis, aortic arch hypoplastic
2) Cyanotic
3) Depedent for survival on; PDA & ASD. Highest case of infant mortality

CP Final Exam F'16 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions