Embryology Flashcards
What is gastrulation
Formation of germ layers
What happens during gastrulation
Invagination of the epiblast cells through the primitive streak to form the definitive endoderm and mesoderm
When does gastrulation happen
The 1st week of development
What are the 3 main groups of mesoderm
Paraxial, intermediate and lateral plate
What is neurulation
Formation of the neural tube
What causes neurulation
Folding of the ectoderm
Where do neural crest cells come from
The neural tube
When do pharyngeal arches develop
Week 4 and 5
How many pharyngeal arches do we have
5
1,2,3,4, and 6
Name the 3 main components of the pharyngeal apparatus
Core pharyngeal arch
External pharyngeal cleft
Internal pharyngeal pouches
What is the core pharyngeal arch made from
Mesenchymal tissue
What is the external pharyngeal cleft made from
Ectoderm
What is the internal pharyngeal pouch made from
Endoderm
What is the role of the cleft and the pouch in pharyngeal apparatus
Separate arches
What day is arch 1 developed on
22
What day is arch 2 and 3 developed on
24
What day is arch 4 and 6 developed on
29
Name the 3 main components of each pharyngeal arch
Neural crest cells
Cranial nerve component
Artery (aortic arch arteries)
Role of neural crest cells in the pharyngeal arch
Gives rise to the connective tissues and smooth muscle
Role of the cranial nerve component of the pharyngeal arch
Gives rise to sensory and motor innervation
What nerve is associated with the 1st pharyngeal arch
Trigeminal nerve: maxillary and mandibular divisions
Skeletal components associated with the cranial portion of the 1st pharyngeal arch
Maxillary process
Zygomatic bone
What skeletal components are associated with the caudal portion of the 1st pharyngeal arch
Meckels cartilage
Incus and malleus
Mandible
Squamous portion of the temporal bone
What musculature is supplied by CN V3
Muscles of mastication
Tensor veli palatini
Tensor tympani
Mylohyoid
Anterior belly of diagastric
