Anatomy Of The Throat Flashcards
Primary function of the oral cavity
Digestive organ
How do the tongue and palate aid speech
Modify sound from the larynx
Where is the oral vestibule located
Between the internal surface of the lips and external surfaces of the teeth
Where is the oral cavity proper located
Between the internal surface of the teeth and the oropharynx
role of the palate
forms a division between the nasal and oral cavities
what are the 2 parts of the palate
hard and soft palate
what is the hard palate made of
bone
what is the soft palate made of
muscle fibres covered by a mucous membrane
name the 3 foramina in the hard palate
incisive canal, greater and lesser palatine foramen
what passes through the incisive canal
nasopalatine nerves
what passes through the greater palatine foramen
greater palatine nerve and vessels
what passes through the lesser palatine foramen
lesser palatine nerve
what innervates the soft palate
lesser palatine nerve
sensory innervation of the oral cavity
branches of the trigeminal nerve
what does the greater palatine nerve supply
most of the glandular structures of the hard palate
what does the nasopalatine nerve innervate
the mucous membrane of the anterior hard palate
secretomotor innervation to the oral cavity
facial nerve, chorda tympani branch
what innervates the posterior 1/3 of the tongue
CN 9
general sensory innervation of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
lingual nerve of CN V3
special sensory innervation of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
CN 7, via chorda tympani
what produces saliva
major and minor seromucous glands
name the 3 major salivary glands
parotid, submandibular and sublingual
how does the parotid gland secrete into the mouth
by the upper 2nd molar
how does the submandibular gland secrete into the mouth
via the lingual caruncle
parasympathetic innervation of the parotid gland
glossopharyngeal nerve
innervation of the sublingual and submandibular glands
CN 7 and V3
histology of salivary glands
exocrine glands made up of secretory acini
what do mucinous acini of the salivary glands secrete
mucin (lubricant)
what do serous acini of the salivary glands secrete
digestive enzymes e.g. amylase
what is waldeyers tonsillar ring
ring of lymphoid aggregation in the subepithelial layer of the oropharynx and nasopharynx
name the 4 types of tonsils
palatine tonsils (tonsils)
pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)
lingual tonsils
tubal tonsils
where are the lingual tonsils located
within the submucosa of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue
arterial supply to the lingual tonsils
lingual artery
innervation of the lingual tonsil
glossopharyngeal nerve
location of the pharyngeal tonsil
located in the midline of the nasopharynx
tubal tonsil
lymphoid tissue around the opening of the Eustachian tube in the lateral wall of the nasopharynx
arterial supply of the tubal tonsils
ascending pharyngeal artery
what is the fossa of rosenmuller
space created lateral to the adenoid and posteromedial to the eustachian tube orifice
main function of the adenoids and tonsils
trap bacteria and viruses on inhalation to expose these organisms to the immune system
histology of palatine tonsils
specialised stratified squamous epithelium with deep crypts and lymphoid follicles
histology of the adenoids
ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with some stratified squamous epithelium and also a transitional layer deep to the SS layer
what are the divisions of the pharynx
nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
where is the nasopharynx located
posterior to the nasal cavity to soft palate
where is the oropharynx located
soft palate to superior border of the epiglottis
where is the laryngopharynx located
superior border of the epiglottis to inferior border of the cricoid cartilage
innervation of the pharyngeal muscles
vagus nerve except stylopharyngeus which is innervated by CN 9
role of outer layer of pharyngeal muscles
forces bolus of food inferiorly
describe the 2 layers of pharyngeal muscles
outer circular and inner longitudinal layer
role of the inner layer of pharyngeal muscles
elevates the larynx and shortens the pharynx
what is the outer layer of pharyngeal muscles composed of
3 pairs of constrictor muscles
what is the inner layer of pharyngeal muscles composed of
3 pairs of longitudinal muscles
stylopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus and palatopharyngeus
what is in the parapharyngeal space
pharyngeal plexus formed by CN 9 + 10
what are the 3 phases of swallowing
oral phase, pharyngeal phase and oesophageal phase
what is the laryngeal skeleton
a collection of 9 cartilages located within the neck
what is the laryngeal skeleton suspended from
the hyoid bone by fibrous membranes
what is the laryngeal skeleton made from
hyaline cartilage
EXCEPT for the epiglottis which is elastic cartilage
why is it useful for the epiglottis to be made from elastic cartilage
allows swallowing and direction of food away from the airway
what are the 3 main functions of the larynx
aids respiration- passage of air into the lungs
protects from aspiration
generates vibrations to aid with phonation
what lines the internal larynx
respiratory mucosa
name the 3 main regions of the internal larynx
laryngeal vestibule, laryngeal ventricles, infra-glottic region
what divides the 3 regions of the larynx
vestibular fold and vocal fold
what is another name for the vestibular fold of the larynx
false vocal chord
what is another name for the vocal fold of the larynx
true vocal chord
role of extrinsic muscles of the larynx
move the larynx superiorly and inferiorly
what is special about the hyoid bone
only bone in the body not directly connected to another bone
what does movement of the hyoid bone facilitate
swallowing and speech
what can muscles attached to the hyoid bone be divided into
supra and infrahyoid groups
how many infrahyoid muscles are the
4
name the infrahyoid muscles
Sternohyoid
Omohyoid
Thyrohyoid
Sternothyroid
how many suprahyoid muscles are there
4
name the suprahyoid muscles
Digastric muscle
Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid
Stylohyoid
what do the intrinsic muscles of the larynx control
the shape of the rima glottidis and the length and tension of the vocal chords
innervation of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx
recurrent laryngeal nerve
EXCEPT the cricothyroid muscle
innervation of the cricothyroid muscle
a branch of the superior laryngeal nerve
proximal attachment of the cricothyroid muscle
anterolateral cricoid cartilage
distal attachment of the cricothyroid muscle
inferior horn of thyroid cartilage
action of the cricothyroid muscle
tenses vocal ligament increasing pitch
proximal attachment of the thyroarytenoid muscle
posterior thyroid
distal attachment of the thyroarytenoid muscle
anterior arytenoid cartilage
action of thyroarytenoid muscle
relaxes vocal ligament decreasing pitch
proximal attachment of lateral cricoarytenoid muscle
muscular process of arytenoid
distal attachment of lateral cricoarytenoid muscle
anterior cricoid cartilage
action of lateral cricoarytenoid muscle
adducts vocal ligaments
proximal attachment of oblique and transverse arytenoid muscles
one arytenoid cartilage
distal attachment of oblique and transverse arytenoid muscles
another cricoid cartilage
action of oblique and transverse arytenoid muscles
adducts vocal ligaments to narrow the laryngeal inlet
proximal attachment of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle
posterior cricoid cartilage
action of posterior cricoarytenoid muscle
only abductor of the vocal chords
distal attachment of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle
muscular process of arytenoid cartilage
innervation of mucosa below the vocal chords
internal laryngeal nerve
innervation of mucosa below the vocal chords
inferior laryngeal nerve
