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otolaryngology > Anatomy Of The Ear > Flashcards

Anatomy Of The Ear Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the external ear

A

Pinna and the external acoustic meatus

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2
Q

What is another name for the external acoustic meatus

A

Ear canal

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3
Q

Where does the external acoustic meatus end

A

The tympanic membrane

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4
Q

Role of the pinna

A

Collects sound waves and funnels them into the external acoustic meatus

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5
Q

What does the pinna attach to

A

The temporal bone

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6
Q

What is the external acoustic meatus formed from

A

Lateral 1/3 by cartilage
Medial 2/3 by temporal bone

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7
Q

What lines the external acoustic meatus

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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8
Q

Role of ceruminous glands

A

Produce ear wax

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9
Q

What is used to examine the external acoustic meatus

A

Otoscope

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10
Q

How to move the pinna in an adult when using an otoscope

A

Pull auricle posteriosuperiorly

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11
Q

Arterial supply of the external ear

A

Branches of the external carotid artery

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12
Q

What is the tympanic cavity

A

Air-filled chamber in the petrous portion of the temporal bone which contains the apparatus for the middle ear

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13
Q

What are the 2 parts of the middle ear

A

Tympanic cavity proper and the epitympanic recess

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14
Q

What lines the middle ear

A

Columnar-lined mucosa

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15
Q

Innervation of the middle ear

A

Glossopharyngeal

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16
Q

What is the tegmen tympani

A

Thin plate of bone separating the tympanic cavity from the middle cranial fossa

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17
Q

What vein is closely related to the middle ear

A

Internal jugular vein

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18
Q

What is the mastoid aditus

A

Opening in the tympanic recess which opens into the air cells of the mastoid process

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19
Q

Role of the oval window

A

Receives footplate of the stapes

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20
Q

Role of the round window

A

Dissipates forces from the cochlear

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21
Q

What are the 2 main features of the anterior wall of the middle ear

A

Eustachian tube and chorda tympani

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22
Q

Name the 3 bones of the middle ear

A

Malleus, incus and stapes

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23
Q

What is the main function of the bones in the middle ear

A

Conduct vibrations of the tympanic membrane towards the inner ear

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24
Q

What connects the auditory ossicles

A

Synovial joints

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25
Q

Name the 2 muscles of the middle ear

A

Tensor tympani and stapedius

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26
Q

Where is the tensor tympani muscle located

A

Runs from the cartilaginous portion of the Eustachian tube to insert in the handle of the malleus

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27
Q

Function of the tensor tympani

A

Dampens sound by reducing vibrations of the tympanic membrane

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28
Q

Innervation of tensor tympani muscle

A

CN V3

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29
Q

Where does the stapedius muscle insert

A

Neck of the stapes

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30
Q

Role of the stapedius muscle

A

Dampens sound by reducing vibrations of stapes on oval window

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31
Q

Innervation of stapedius muscle

A

CN 7

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32
Q

Consequence of atmospheric pressure > tympanic pressure

A

Tympanic membrane pushes in reducing vibration of the ossicles

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33
Q

Consequence of atmospheric pressure < tympanic pressure

A

Tympanic membrane pushes out causing reduced vibration of ossicles

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34
Q

How do we adjust the ears to changes in atmospheric pressure

A

Palate muscles open the Eustachian tube to equalise the pressure

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35
Q

What is the Eustachian tube

A

Connection between the middle ear and the nasopharynx

36
Q

Where is the Eustachian tube located

A

Posterior to the inferior nasal concha

37
Q

What is the Eustachian tube made of

A

Posterior 1/3 bone, the rest is cartilage

38
Q

Role of the Eustachian tube

A

Equalises pressure between the middle ear and the nasopharynx

39
Q

Sensory innervation of the tympanic cavity mucosa

A

CN9 via the tympanic plexus

40
Q

Role of the inner ear

A

Reception of sound and maintenance of balance

41
Q

What is contained within the inner ear

A

Cochlear and vestibular apparatus

42
Q

What is involved in the vestibular apparatus

A

Semicircular canals, utricle and saccule

43
Q

Anatomical position of the inner ear

A

Deep within the petrous portion of temporal bone between the middle ear and the internal acoustic meatus

44
Q

What are the 2 main components of the inner ear

A

Bony and membraneous labyrinth

45
Q

What is the bony labyrinth of the inner ear

A

A fluid filled network series of bony cavities within the otic capsule

46
Q

What is the membraneous labyrinth of the inner ear

A

A series of communicating ducts and sacs suspended within the bony labyrinth

47
Q

What is the otic capsule

A

The dense bone of the petrous portion of the temporal bone that surrounds the membraneous labyrinth of the inner

48
Q

What is the bony labyrinth filled with

A

Perilymph

49
Q

What is the membraneous labyrinth filled with

A

Endolymph

50
Q

What does the bony labyrinth consist of

A

Cochlea, vestibule and 3 semi-circular canals

51
Q

What does the membraneous labyrinth consist of

A

Cochlear duct, semi-circular ducts, utricle and saccule

52
Q

Where is the oval window located

A

Between the middle ear and the vestibule

53
Q

What does the round window separate

A

The middle ear and the scala tympani

54
Q

What is located within the vestibule

A

Saccule and utricle

55
Q

What does the vestibule communicate with

A

Cochlea anteriorly and semi-circular canals posteriorly

56
Q

Which part of the membranous labyrinth is responsible for hearing?

A

the cochlear duct

57
Q

What are the two openings into the middle ear covered by membranes?

A

oval and round window

58
Q

role of the ampulla in the semi-circular canals

A

contains sensory receptors that detect changes in the flow of endolymph, contributing to balance

59
Q

How is the cochlear duct held in place within the cochlea?

A

by the spiral lamina

60
Q

venous drainage of the inner ear

A

labyrinthine vein, emptying into the sigmoid sinus or inferior petrosal sinus

61
Q

what innervates the inner ear

A

vestibulocochlear nerve

62
Q

name the 3 semi-circular canals

A

anterior , lateral and posterior

63
Q

what is responsible for balance

A

semi-circular ducts, utricle and saccule

64
Q

anatomical location of the semi-circular ducts

A

superoposterior to the vestibule at right angles to each other

65
Q

what is the membranous labyrinth surrounded by

A

perilymph

66
Q

what is another name for the cochlear duct

A

scala media

67
Q

what is the scala media

A

endolymph-filled cavity located within the bony scaffolding of the cochlea

68
Q

what is the functional unit of the organ of corti

A

inner hair cell

69
Q

where is the organ of corti located

A

on the basilar membrane within the cochlea

70
Q

role of the organ of corti

A

converts sound vibrations into electrical signals for transmission through the cochlear nerve to the brain

71
Q

where are hair cells of the vestibular apparatus located

A

maculae of the utricle and saccule, and the ampulla

72
Q

where are the cell bodies for the neurones associated with vestibular hair cells found

A

within the vestibular ganglion

73
Q

role of hair cells in the vestibular apparatus

A

detect head movement and acceleration, transmit signals to the brain, allowing for the processing of spatial orientation and motion

74
Q

where are the cell bodies of the neurones associated with the organ of corti contained

A

within the spiral ganglion

75
Q

what stimulates hair cells in the vestibular apparatus

A

the movement of endolymph

76
Q

what do semi-circular canals detect

A

linear movement change

77
Q

what does the anterior semi-circular canal detect

A

sagittal plane

78
Q

what does the posterior semi-circular canal detect

A

coronal plane

79
Q

what does the lateral semi-circular canal detect

A

axial plane

80
Q

where does the vestibulocochlear nerve enter the inner ear via

A

internal acoustic meatus

81
Q

name the 2 branches of the vestibular nerve

A

superior and inferior

82
Q

what does the superior vestibular nerve supply

A

the lateral and anterior semi-circular ducts and the utricle

83
Q

what does the inferior vestibular nerve supply

A

the posterior semi-circular duct and the saccule

84
Q

route of the cochlear nerve within the inner ear

A

enters at the base of the modiolus and its branches pass through the lamina to supply the receptors of the Organ of Corti

85
Q

what other nerve passes through the inner ear but does not innervate any of the structures

A

facial nerve

otolaryngology (18 decks)

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