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Embalming > Embalming IV: Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Embalming IV: Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two meanings for discoloration?

A
  • color is removed or lost
  • to change color
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2
Q

Localized vs generalized discoloration

A
  • Localized: Affecting a small area
  • Generalized: Affecting large areas or entire body
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3
Q

Skin Layers

A
  • Epidermis: outer layer of skin
  • Dermal Layer: Middle layer of skin
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4
Q

How long does it take for livor mortis to begin?

A
  • Appears 20-30 minutes after death and is well established after 6 hours
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5
Q

Post Embalming Treatments for the surface

A
  • Formaldehyde and phenol solutions (on cotton)
  • cream and gel preservative
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6
Q

Post Embalming Treatments: Hypodermic

A
  • Phenol cautery
  • Cavity Fluid
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7
Q

Steps for Hypodermic Post-Embalming Treatment of Discoloration

A
  • Insert a hypodermic needle
  • Repeatedly direct the needle through the discolored tissues prior to injecting any solution from the syringe (channeling)
  • Inject the solution and apply digital pressure
  • Allow the chemical to saturate the discolored tissues for 15-20 min.
  • Dry and seal the needle holes with adhesive glue
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8
Q

Steps for Surface Post-Embalming Treatment of Discoloration

A
  • Brush the surface of skin with autopsy gel/ saturated cotton
  • Cover the compress with plastic
  • Allow time for chemicals to penetrate skin
  • Remove compresses and rinse area with water and dry the tissue
  • Apply a surface adhesive to the affected area
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9
Q

Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

A
  • Deaths from CO poisoning cause the skin to turn a cherry red color.
  • The color is caused by carboxyhemoglobin
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10
Q

Skin Lesion

A
  • Any traumatic or pathological change in the structure of the skin
  • Blisters, herpes, ulcerations, pustules, boils, carbuncles and furuncles
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11
Q

How to Treat Pustular and Ulcerative Lesions

A
  • Disinfect the surface of the lesion
  • Open and drain or remove any material in the lesion
  • clean the lesion and coat with autopsy gel/compress
  • Embalm
  • Check for preservation; hypodermic treatment may be necessary
  • Dry the area with a solvent and force-dry with a hair dryer
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12
Q

How to embalm those who had blunt force trauma or mutilations

A
  • use multipoint injection (some vessels may be damaged)
  • hypodermic or surface embalming may be needed
  • use strong arterial
  • use dyes to trace distribution
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13
Q

Jaundice

A
  • a condition produced when excess amounts of bilirubin circulating in the blood stream dissolve in the subcutaneous fat
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14
Q

3 Types of Jaundice

A
  • prehepatic
  • hepatocellular
  • posthepatic
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15
Q

Treatments for jaundice

A
  • Use restricted cervical
  • jaundice fluid, pre-injection, mild arterial solution, non-formaldehyde fluid, bleaching co-injection solution, cavity fluid can be used
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16
Q

Complications of Diabetes for the Embalmer

A
  • renal failure
  • poor peripheral circulation
  • gangrene in the distal extremities
  • use a strong arterial, co-injection fluids and active dye
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17
Q

What does uric acid do to the embalming solution

A

neutralizes formaldehyde

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18
Q

Dehydration Differences

A

Thoroughly embalmed tissues dehydrate less than under embalmed tissues

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19
Q

Razor Burn

A
  • an abrasion where the face/skin is nicked during shaving
20
Q

Best Time to Shave the Deceased

A
  • After permission from the family
  • Should be completed before the embalming
21
Q

Types of Edema

A
  • anasarca: generalized edema
  • Ascites: edema of the abdomen
  • Hydrothorax: edema of the thoracic cavity
  • Hydropericardium: edema in the heart cavity
  • Hydrocele: edema of the scrotum
  • Hydrocephalus: edema of cerebrospinal fluid in brain
22
Q

Types of Arteriosclerosis

A
  • Arteriosclerosis: pathological condition causing the arterial wall to thicken, harden, and lose elasticity
  • Type 1
  • Type 2
  • Type 3
23
Q

Type 1 Arteriosclerosis

A
  • the intimal wall of the artery is thickened but the lumen is well defined
  • use a standard cannula
  • unrestricted injection is expected
24
Q

Type 2 Arteriosclerosis

A
  • Vessel walls are thickened and or hardened
  • Lumen size is reduced and off-center
  • Use a smaller gauge cannula
25
Q

Type 3 Arteriosclerosis

A
  • Lumen is completely obstructed and the artery can not be used for injection
  • Canalization occurs: tiny pathways or canals within the vessel allow for the passage of blood
  • Collarteral circulation can circumvent a blockage and continue to circulate blood beyond the area of occlusion
26
Q

What artery should be used for arteriosclerosis embalming?

A

common carotids because they are usually less affected by arteriosclerosis
- use low pressure and low rate of flow
- if distribution is not good, increase arterial solution strength
- Can use multipoint injection
- Use co-injection fluids and dye
- use firm massage
- Lower hands and feet below the sides of the table

27
Q

What should the emablmer do if the femoral or other artery is sclerotic

A
  • do not force the cannula in because the lumen will break
  • choose to inject in an area that is not sclerotic and incise to insert the cannula
  • use a cotton ligature or hemostat to secure the cannula (not linen suture because it is too strong)
28
Q

What is the center for fluid circulation?

A

the aorta

29
Q

What body structures are the last to decompose?

A

Arteries (Vessels) are the last to decompose

30
Q

Valvular Heart Diseases

A
  • Three common types: regurgitation, stenosis, and atresia.
  • Others: congenital malformation, bacterial damage, degenerative diseases
  • Heart valve diseases can cause problems in any of the heart’s four valves: the aortic, mitral, pulmonary, and tricuspid valves
31
Q

Left Atrioventricular/Mitral Valve/ Bicuspid

A

Valve that allows blood to pass from the left atrium to the left ventricle

32
Q

Right Atrioventricular/Tricuspid

A
  • Valve that opens from the right atrium into the right ventricle
33
Q

Pulmonary Semilunar Valve

A
  • a tricuspid valve that opens to allow blood to flow from the right ventricle into the lungs via the pulmonary artery
34
Q

Aortic Semilunar

A
  • A tricuspid valve that opens into the aorta from the left ventricle
35
Q

What happens when the mitral and the aortic semilunar valves are damaged

A

The pressure from the embalming solution moved from the aorta into the left ventricle and then into the left atrium.
The left atrium receives the pulmonary veins from the lungs
- the pulmonary veins do not have valves so the embalming solution passes back into the capillaries of the lungs
- This action causes purge of embalming solution from the lungs

36
Q

Vasodilation vs. Vasoconstriction

A
  • Vasodilation: one side of the body receives fluid
  • Vasoconstriction: other side of the body does not receive fluid
  • Half of the body will embalm extremely well, other does not embalm well.
  • multipoint injection is needed
37
Q

Vasoconstriction

A
  • narrowing of a blood vessel
  • stroke or other disorders can cause vasoconstriction
  • multipoint injection is needed
38
Q

Tumor

A
  • Benign or malignant growth of cells
  • Pressure may be exerted on the outside of an artery/vein
  • Distribution and drainage may be difficult
39
Q

Tuberculosis

A
  • Infection of the lungs by mycobacterium tuberculosis and may spread to other organs
  • Cavitation may result: small vessels and capillaries will rupture
  • great loss of arterial solution through purge
  • Untreated dehydration and emaciation may be present
40
Q

Thrombosis

A
  • Blood clots attached to the inner wall of a blood vessel
  • distribution may be difficult
  • If in vein, drainage will be difficult
41
Q

Syphilis

A
  • Venereal disease caused by treponema pallidum
  • aneurysms may occur in arteries
  • rupture can make distribution impossible
42
Q

Dry Gangrene

A
  • poor arterial circulation into the area of the body, causing death of body cells
  • Distribution of arterial solution into the affected area is impossible
  • use hypodermic and surface embalming
43
Q

Freezing (postmortem)

A
  • Cooling of the body to the point where ice crystals form in body tissues
  • small vessels and tissues easily swell on injection of solution
44
Q

Febrile Diseases

A
  • A diseases/condition accompanied by an elevation of body temperature
  • Decomposition is speeded up
  • possible dehydration
  • Blood may coagulate and cause congestion
  • Distribution and drainage may be hard
45
Q

Extracerebral clot/Stroke

A
  • A clot usually in carotid that stops blood supply to the brain
  • clot may occlude artery
  • blockage may occlude carotid and cause vasoconstriction
46
Q

Esophageal Varices

A
  • swollen, tortuous veins caused by a stagnation of blood and generally seen on superficial veins
  • Drainage may be difficult
  • rupture and purge may occur

Embalming (20 decks)

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