Elizabeths Foregin Policy Flashcards
What were the three aspects of foreign policy Elizabeth had to deal with
Issues of succession
Mary queen of Scot’s
Relations with Spain
What was the issue of succession
Elizabeth’s reluctance to marry led to uncertainty of the next heir should she die
Councillors wanted to prevent Catholicism
Why would Elizabeth not discuss marriage
Due to her belief it was royal prerogative
Who were Elizabeth’s most likely suitors
Philip 2 of Spain
Duke of andjou
Robert Dudley (Earl of Leicester/ crush)
When did the councillors first bring up marriage to Elizabeth
1559
When was the second time the councillors bring up marriage and why was it more significant
1563
Elizabeth had contracted small pox and was near death
Who were the leading claimants to the throne in 1563
Mary queen of Scot’s (catholic)
Lady Catherine grey (disgrace)
When was the third time the council brought up Elizabeth’s marriage and how did she react
1566
Very pissed off
What happened in 1579 regarding foreign marriage
Crisis over potential marriage to Duke of andjou as he was French
However nothing ever came of it
How did the succession issue end
Elizabeth never married
After Mary qs was executed her son James had best hereditary claim therefore councillors got him on side before Elizabeth’s death to maintain royal favour
However he was never fully named but she had lost influence by 1603
Why was Mary queen of Scot’s and issue
Had strong claim to the throne
Different religions
What were the 4 plots MQS had to overthrow Elizabeth
Ridolfi
Throckmorton
Babington
Parrry
When was the ridolfi plot
1571
When was the throckmorton plot
1583
When was the parry plot
1585
When was the babington plot
1586
What was the ridolfi plot
Conspiracy for Mary to marry Duke of Norfolk and overthrow. Queen
This allowed lord burghley to execute Norfolk for treason
What was the throckmorton plot
Foreign landing in Sussex followed by overthrowing Elizabeth and replacing with Mary
Foiled by walsinghams spy network
Led to bonds of association, worsened Anglo Spanish relations
Tightened Mary’s captivity
What was the parry plot
Plot to assassinate queen
Led to acceleration on parliament bills to ensure queens safety
What was the babington plot
Mary in a plot to assassinate Elizabeth
Exposed by walsinghams code breaker phelippes
Enabled burghley to ensure Mary’s execution
When was the death warrant for Mary signed
1st February 1587
Why were nobles not voting to execute Mary
Didn’t want to be known for regicide
Killing mother of the future heir to Scotland
How did burghley get Elizabeth to sign the death warrant
Used parliamentary pressure
Why did Anglo Spanish relations deteriorate in the 1560s (7)
Trading activity of John Hawkins (tried to break Spanish monopoly in Caribbean)
The Netherlands situation (Philip wanted tighter organsiation in Netherlands to stop heresy. Elizabeth had to aid Dutch Protestants)
English harassed the Spanish
Breakdown of Anglo spansih trade,
Philip encouraged the northern rebellion , the Spanish supported the ridolfi plot, Elizabeth’s own excommunication
When was the deterioration of Anglo Spanish relations
1585-87
What was the Treaty of Joinville and when was it
1584
Between Philip of Spain and catholic French league to end Protestantism in Europe
What and when was the treaty of nonsuch
1585
Counteracts treaty of Joinville
With Dutch Protestant rebels
What did the treaty of nonsuch lead to
Elizabeth sends troops to the Netherlands under the command of the Earl of Leicester
Why was the treaty of nonsuch a failure
Troops were laid badly and ill disciplined
English Commanders quarrelled too much
Leicester quarrelled with the Dutch so much he resigned in 1588
This encouraged Philip into thinking he could exploit the divisions between English and Dutch
Why was the Spanish Armada fleet delayed
Due to English attach on port of cadiz in April 1597
When did the armada set sail
22nd July 1588
What was the armadas plan
Dock at Spanish Netherlands where the Duke of Parma would join for an invasion on English land
When was the armada in battle with the English
Sighted from Cornwall i29th July 1588
Engaged in battle in English Channel from 30th July to 6th August
Why was the armada forced out
Unfavourable winds sent them to Scotland and back down to the west of Ireland resulting in many ships lost
How long did the war with Spain go on for
16 years
1588-1604
Where else was the war with Spain fought
At sea in western front
Caribbean
On land in France and the Netherlands and Ireland
What happened with the war in France in 1585-1587
Small scale victories for England in Caribbean and Spain
What happened in the Spanish war in 1595 and what did it lead to
Capture of Cadiz
Humiliated Philip
Led to him invading England in 1596 but defeated by storms
Who was commander of the English forces in 1589
Sir Francis Vere
Was Elizabeth’s foreign policy a success
Yes
Whilst conflict with Spain was long and expensive, Elizabeth’s reputation was improved by it as they did well
Showed a more hard headed approach
