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History - Tudors > Elizabeth - Rebellions and Opposition > Flashcards

Elizabeth - Rebellions and Opposition Flashcards

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1
Q

Thomas Cartwright (Protestant)

A
  • Called for the abolition of titles of archbishops, bishops, deans and archbishops
  • Ringleader of the Classical Movement
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2
Q

1571 “Alphabet” Bills (Protestant)

A

Aim to curb pluralism

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3
Q

Prayer Book Bill (Protestant)

A

Passed by Puritan MP William Strickland that aimed to remove the use of the surplice and kneeling at communion

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4
Q

John Fields (Protestant)

A
  • Reluctantly subscribed to the 39 Articles and Prayer Book, but refused to wear the surplice as a compromise. He was promptly banned from preaching
  • Published 2 books in 1572 which accused the bishops of being enemies of Christianity
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5
Q

1572 St Bartholomew’s Day Massacre (Protestant)

A

Protestant Huguenots in France are murdered, uniting English Protestants in horror

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6
Q

Edmund Grindal and prophesying (Protestant)

A
  • “Prophesyings” (meetings of ministers where clergy would hone their preaching skills in front of an audience) took place to help ill-educated clergymen
  • Prophesyings had the support of many bishops
  • After refusing Elizabeth’s requests to suppress them, Grindal was duly suspended and virtually placed under house arrest at Lambeth
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7
Q

Anthony Cope (Protestant)

A

Feb 1587 – introduces a bill proposing to remove the Book of Common Prayer

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8
Q

Martin Marprelate Tracts (Protestant)

A
  • 1558-9 – satirical Puritan pamphlets that attacked the Church and bishops
  • Thomas Cartwright and others were quick to dissociate themselves with the Tracts
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9
Q

Anabaptists (Protestant)

A
  • A Protestant separatist movement from Switzerland and Germany that grew during the Lutheran reformation
  • Some preached extreme political views, such as the abolition of private property
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10
Q

The Classical Movement (Protestant)

A
  • Meetings of the clergy which discarded diocesan boundaries and were not set up by bishops
  • Caused by the effect of Whitgift’s aggressive pressure for uniformity
  • Often informal arenas for study and prayer
  • Not all that took part were committed Presbyterians
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11
Q

William Hacket (Protestant)

A
  • A Puritan who claimed to be the new Messiah and called for the removal of Elizabeth as queen
  • Backed by other radical Puritans
  • Executed 28 July 1591 for treason
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12
Q

Robert Browne and Robert Harrison - 1580s

A
  • Protestant separatists
  • After imprisonment Browne left the country and settled in the Netherlands
  • Released a book which called the Church of England corrupt and riddled with papal superstition
  • Possession of this book became punishable by death
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13
Q

Henry Barrow and John Greenwood

A
  • By 1584 Browne was back in England and submitted to Whitgift, later joining the Church of England
  • New leaders of the separatists began to emerge - Barrow and Greenwood were imprisoned but were able to have their works published abroad
  • 1593 - both are executed
  • Separatists are given a choice - conform or leave the country
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14
Q

Weaknesses of separatism

A
  • Numerically insiginificant
  • Treated as traitors
  • Lacked powerful support
  • Lacked unity amongst the different groups
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15
Q

The Missionary Priests (Catholic)

A

1580s - Aimed to revive Catholicism and revert Protestants back to the old faith

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16
Q

Jesuit Order (Catholic)

A
  • 1540 - Founded by the Spaniard Ignatius Loyola
  • Not originally created as an anti-Protestant force
  • 1580 - Edmund Campion and Robert Parsons are the first Jesuits to arrive in England
  • The Jesuits often argued with the Appellant movement over doctrine and expression of Catholic ideas - in one case, this included a bitter pamphlet war
17
Q

Edmund Campion and Robert Parsons

A
  • 1580 - First Jesuits to arrive in England
  • Parsons built an set about building an organisation based on safe houses
  • 1581 - Campion is caught in a Berkshire Manor House. He is offered a senior position in the Church of England if he converts to Protestantism, but he refuses. He is tortured in vain to gain information about his mission
18
Q

Failure of puritanism

A
  • Puritans failed to change the organisation and hierarchy of the church.
  • The 39 articles (which some Puritans had opposed) remained, and ministers had to wear religious clothing and conduct services in the prescribed manner
19
Q

Northern Earls’ Rebellion 1569 - Context

A
  • Mary imprisoned in Tutubury in Staffordshire
  • May 1568 - Mary escapes, but is left without support after a failed battle. She flees to England is placed under house arrest
20
Q

Northern Earls’ Rebellion 1569 - Causes

A
  • Jun 1568 - Mary’s envoy suggests she marry the Earl of Norfolk to ensure that their children become heirs to the throne. However, Elizabeth made it known that anyone who married Mary would be punished as a traitor
  • 9 Nov 1568 - Norfolk ignores a summons to court and joins Westmoreland and Northumberland in their uprising
21
Q

Northern Earls’ Rebellion 1569 - Events

A
  • 13 Nov - Sussex sends commissioners to raise 1,500 foot soldiers. Few dare join him
  • 14 Nov - the rebels take Durham cathedral and hold a Catholic mass
  • 15 Nov - rebels march South and enlist support from Richmondshire and Kirby Moorside
  • 16 Dec - the royal army reaches the River Tees, where the rebels are marching. The rebels retreat to Hexham
  • 19 Dec - many rebels disband. A skirmish occurs between the rebels’ and royal army’s scouts. The Earls flee to Scotland
22
Q

Northern Earls’ Rebellion 1569 - Foreign support

A
  • The Pope didn’t excommunicate Elizabeth until 1570 - too late to persuade other European nations to back the rebellion
  • Philip II refused to support the rising, as he disliked Mary due to her ties with France
23
Q

Northern Earls’ Rebellion 1569 - Reasons for failure

A
  • The rebels turned back when they heard rumours of a massive force being summoned against them
  • The Earls realised it was impossible to free Mary from prison
  • The rebellion was poorly-planned and lacked a coherent programme
  • Support was limited geographically
  • Northumberland didn’t have time to mobilise all his tenants
24
Q

Northern Earls’ Rebellion 1569 - Results

A
  • Mary orders the execution of 700 rebels. Around 450 are killed
  • 1572 - Northumberland is executed at York after being betrayed by a Scottish clan
25
Q

Passed by Puritan MP William Strickland that aimed to remove the use of the surplice and kneeling at communion

A

Prayer Book Bill (Protestant)

26
Q
  • Reluctantly subscribed to the 39 Articles and Prayer Book, but refused to wear the surplice as a compromise. He was promptly banned from preaching
  • Published 2 books in 1572 which accused the bishops of being enemies of Christianity
A

John Fields (Protestant)

27
Q

Feb 1587 – introduces a bill proposing to remove the Book of Common Prayer

A

Anthony Cope (Protestant)

28
Q
  • Meetings of the clergy which discarded diocesan boundaries and were not set up by bishops
  • Caused by the effect of Whitgift’s aggressive pressure for uniformity
  • Often informal arenas for study and prayer
  • Not all that took part were committed Presbyterians
A

The Classical Movement (Protestant)

29
Q
  • Protestant separatists
  • After imprisonment Browne left the country and settled in the Netherlands
  • Released a book which called the Church of England corrupt and riddled with papal superstition
  • Possession of this book became punishable by death
A

Robert Browne and Robert Harrison - 1580s

30
Q
  • By 1584 Browne was back in England and submitted to Whitgift, later joining the Church of England
  • New leaders of the separatists began to emerge - Barrow and Greenwood were imprisoned but were able to have their works published abroad
  • 1593 - both are executed
  • Separatists are given a choice - conform or leave the country
A

Henry Barrow and John Greenwood

31
Q

Ridolfi Plot 1571

A
  • An uprising is planned to replace Elizabeth with Mary, who would marry Norfolk
  • The plan is discovered early on by Cecil
32
Q

Ridolfi Plot - Result

A
  • Parliament brings up two bills: one calling for Mary’s execution and one barring her from the succession
  • A decree confirms that any claimant with foreknowledge of the assassination attempt would also be barred from the succession
  • 1581 Treason Act redefines treason as anyone who draws the allegiance of English subjects away from the Queen or her church
33
Q

Throckmorton Plot 1583

A
  • Plans are laid for French Catholic forces, backed by Spain, Jesuit priests and the Papacy, to invade England, liberate Mary and cause a Catholic uprising
  • Throckmorton acts as the intermediary between Mary and the Spanish ambassador, de Mendoza
34
Q

Throckmorton plot - Result

A
  • 1585 - an Act is passed ordering the expulsion of Catholic priests
  • Becoming a priest is made treasonous
  • Those who helped priests in any way would face the death penalty
  • The wording of the acts are deliberately done in a way that Mary’s son James would still be eligible for the succession
35
Q

Babington Plot 1586

A

A letter, allegedly dictated by Mary and endorsing Babington’s plot to murder Elizabeth, is intercepted by Walsingham’s agents

36
Q

Babington Plot - Result

A
  • Elizabeth has Babington and other conspirators hanged
  • Oct 1586 - the Privy Council finds Mary guilty of treason and pushes to have her executed
  • 8 Feb 1587 - Mary executed
  • Elizabeth has her secretary, William Davison, sent to the Tower, claiming the death warrant was sent without her permission

History - Tudors (21 decks)

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