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History - Tudors > Edward VI - Religion > Flashcards

Edward VI - Religion Flashcards

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1
Q

Somerset - Bishops

A

Bishops remained divided on the subject of reform:

  • 9 led by Thomas Cranmer and Nicholas Ridley supported reform
  • 10 led by Stephen Gardiner and Edmund Bonner opposed it
  • 8 were undecided
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2
Q

Somerset - Public response to reform

A
  • A majority of ruling elites supported reform
  • The lower clergy were generally opposed
  • The masses were generally opposed, as their lifestyles were dependent on the traditions of the older, conservative Church
  • East Anglia - considerable support due to the settlement of Protestant refugees
  • London - educated clergy were vocal minorities demanding rapid change
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3
Q

Somerset - Royal Visitations

A

1547

  • Royal commissioners sent to all bishops
  • Commissioners instructed to compile reports on the state of the clergy and practises of the diocese by autumn
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4
Q

Somerset - Injunction

A

1547

  • Clergy made to conduct services in English
  • Bishops made to create libraries of Protestant literature
  • Bishops made to encourage the laity to read these books and remove all imagery from churches
  • Each parish made to obtain Cranmer’s “Book of Homilies” and Erasmus’ “Paraphrases”
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5
Q

Somerset - Book of Homilies

A

1547

  • Vicars and curates often lacked the experience to write sermons and were unfamiliar with reformed doctrine
  • Scholars and bishops wrote out a collection of sermons, which were appointed to each Sunday and holy day
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6
Q

Somerset - Chantries Act

A

1547

  • To raise money for war with Scotland
  • Excused via the removal of chantries as a form of superstition
  • Ended prayers for the dead
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7
Q

Somerset - Repeal of the Act of Six Articles

A

1547 - Church is left without an official doctrine

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8
Q

Somerset - Repeal of the Treason Act

A

1547

  • Ends heresy and censorship laws
  • Increases the freedom of Protestants, who can now meet and discuss reforms

The main result was a series of new demands from Protestants who wanted the Bible to be recognised as the only true authority of religious belief

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9
Q

Somerset - Proclamation (clergy)

A

1547

  • Only authorised clergy to preach
  • All services to be preached in English
  • Services to be preached every Sunday
  • Bishops made to remove all superstitious imagery
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10
Q

Somerset - Proclamation (public preaching)

A

Jan 1548

  • All public preaching banned
  • Justices of the Peace and Churchwardens ordered to enforce the existing doctrine, including transubstantiation
  • Instructions issued to speed up the removal of imagery

These measures anger both Catholics and reformers alike

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11
Q

Somerset - First Book of Common Prayer

A

Jan 1549

  • Viewed as a compromise between traditional and reformist ideals
  • Deliberately ambiguous
  • Changes the Catholic images used in liturgies (eg. the bread and wine, incense, singing)
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12
Q

Northumberland - Black Rubric Proclamation

A

Sep 1549

  • Encourages kneeling in mass a sign of adoration
  • The bread and wine no longer considered the body and blood of Christ
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13
Q

Northumberland - Removal of Gardiner

A

Feb 1550

  • Imprisoned in the Tower
  • When asked in July to adhere to the Church of England, his refusal leads to stricter terms of confinement
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14
Q

Northumberland - Removal of Bonner

A
  • Already imprisoned by 1550
  • Is retired and has his diocese removed
  • Replaced by Ridley, Bishop of Rochester
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15
Q

Northumberland - Bishops placed in new dioceses

A
  • Rochester
  • Chichester
  • Norwich
  • Exeter
  • Durham
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16
Q

Northumberland - 42 Articles

A

1553

  • Written by Archbishop Thomas Cranmer
  • Basic summary of the Church of England doctrine
  • Phrased ambiguously, leaving room for interpretation
  • Never publicly released - they are suppressed by Mary
  • Emphasises “justification by faith alone”
17
Q

Northumberland - First Act of Uniformity

A

1558

  • Aims to end the uncertainty over doctrine
  • Holy communion, songs and matins to be held in English
  • Clergy given permission to marry
  • Sacraments re-defined (see separate card)
  • Masses for the dead and other “superstitious” sacraments removed, eg. mass for the dead
  • First Book of Common Prayer made official
18
Q

Northumberland - Sacraments under the First Act of Uniformity

A

Now defined as baptism, communion, confirmation, marriage and burial

19
Q

Northumberland - Second Act of Uniformity

A
  • It becomes an offence for clergy and laity not to attend services
  • Offenders (recusants) to be fined
20
Q

Bishop Ridley’s changes

A
  • Altars to be replaced with communion tables
  • Priests to teach the Gospel and administer the sacraments without making sacrifices for the dead
  • Refused to remove any of the 16 clergy vestments, which were considered superstitious by Protestants
21
Q

John Hooper

A
  • Bishop of Gloucester
  • Believed the changes were still too Catholic
  • Jan 1551 - Imprisoned for failing to comply
  • Persuaded into a compromise and regained his position

Many laity and clergy afterwards remained slow to respond to the subsequent changes

22
Q

1547

  • Royal commissioners sent to all bishops
  • Commissioners instructed to compile reports on the state of the clergy and practises of the diocese by autumn
A

Somerset - Royal Visitations

23
Q

1547

  • Vicars and curates often lacked the experience to write sermons and were unfamiliar with reformed doctrine
  • Scholars and bishops wrote out a collection of sermons, which were appointed to each Sunday and holy day
A

Somerset - Book of Homilies

24
Q

1547

  • To raise money for war with Scotland
  • Excused via the removal of chantries as a form of superstition
  • Ended prayers for the dead
A

Somerset - Chantries Act

25
Q

1547 - Church is left without an official doctrine

A

Somerset - Repeal of the Act of Six Articles

26
Q

1547

  • Ends heresy and censorship laws
  • Increases the freedom of Protestants, who can now meet and discuss reforms

The main result was a series of new demands from Protestants who wanted the Bible to be recognised as the only true authority of religious belief

A

Somerset - Repeal of the Treason Act

27
Q

1547

  • Only authorised clergy to preach
  • All services to be preached in English
  • Services to be preached every Sunday
  • Bishops made to remove all superstitious imagery
A

Somerset - Proclamation (clergy)

28
Q

Jan 1548

  • All public preaching banned
  • Justices of the Peace and Churchwardens ordered to enforce the existing doctrine, including transubstantiation
  • Instructions issued to speed up the removal of imagery

These measures anger both Catholics and reformers alike

A

Somerset - Proclamation (public preaching)

29
Q

Jan 1549

  • Viewed as a compromise between traditional and reformist ideals
  • Deliberately ambiguous
  • Changes the Catholic images used in liturgies (eg. the bread and wine, incense, singing)
A

Somerset - First Book of Common Prayer

30
Q

Sep 1549

  • Encourages kneeling in mass a sign of adoration
  • The bread and wine no longer considered the body and blood of Christ
A

Somerset - Black Rubric Proclamation

31
Q

Feb 1550

  • Imprisoned in the Tower
  • When asked in July to adhere to the Church of England, his refusal leads to stricter terms of confinement
A

Northumberland - Removal of Gardiner

32
Q
  • Already imprisoned by 1550
  • Is retired and has his diocese removed
  • Replaced by Ridley, Bishop of Rochester
A

Northumberland - Removal of Bonner

33
Q
  • Rochester
  • Chichester
  • Norwich
  • Exeter
  • Durham
A

Northumberland - Bishops placed in new dioceses

34
Q

1553

  • Written by Archbishop Thomas Cranmer
  • Basic summary of the Church of England doctrine
  • Phrased ambiguously, leaving room for interpretation
  • Never publicly released - they are suppressed by Mary
  • Emphasises “justification by faith alone”
A

Northumberland - 42 Articles

35
Q

1558

  • Aims to end the uncertainty over doctrine
  • Holy communion, songs and matins to be held in English
  • Clergy given permission to marry
  • Sacraments re-defined (see separate card)
  • Masses for the dead and other “superstitious” sacraments removed, eg. mass for the dead
  • First Book of Common Prayer made official
A

Northumberland - First Act of Uniformity

36
Q

Now defined as baptism, communion, confirmation, marriage and burial

A

Northumberland - Sacraments under the First Act of Uniformity

37
Q
  • It becomes an offence for clergy and laity not to attend services
  • Offenders (recusants) to be fined
A

Northumberland - Second Act of Uniformity

38
Q
  • Altars to be replaced with communion tables
  • Priests to teach the Gospel and administer the sacraments without making sacrifices for the dead
  • Refused to remove any of the 16 clergy vestments, which were considered superstitious by Protestants
A

Bishop Ridley’s changes

39
Q
  • Bishop of Gloucester
  • Believed the changes were still too Catholic
  • Jan 1551 - Imprisoned for failing to comply
  • Persuaded into a compromise and regained his position

Many laity and clergy afterwards remained slow to respond to the subsequent changes

A

John Hooper

History - Tudors (21 decks)

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