Elizabeth K.O 2 Flashcards
Who was the royal court?
The group of nobles and privy councillors who surrounded the queen
How did Elizabeth control the royal court?
She used a system of patronage
what displayed wealth in court?
Entertainment- jousting tournaments ,dances and plays
who did Elizabeth grant positions of power to?
Her favourite wealthy nobles
Why were the courtiers loyal?
They knew she could remove their patronage and power at any time
what did the system of patronage mean?
That power was based off of personal relationships with the queen
How often did the privy council meet?
Daily
Who were the privy council?
Elizabeth’s most trusted courtiers
Who led the privy council?
Elizabeth’s chief advisor, the secretary of state
How did Elizabeth control the privy council?
By appointing different councillors with different view points so she was free to choose between them
Who was her chief advisor for most her reign?
William Cecil who she called ‘spirit’
what did Cecil do in 1587?
Manipulated Elizabeth into executing Mary Queen of Scots showing she never had full control
Who was ‘the rising star’ of Elizabeth’s court?
Robert Devereux, the Earl of Essex, at 18 he was Elizabeth’s favourite and on the privy council
What 4 actions did Devereux do against Elizabeth?
1598 reached for sword during argument with Elizabeth
1599 led failed military expedition in Ireland
1600 abandoned his soldiers in Ireland and forced his way into
Elizabeth’s chamber
1601 plotted an armed rebellion against Elizabeth and planned to
make James of Scotland king
Why did Devereux fail to respect Elizabeth’s authority?
She was a woman
What did the death of Cecil lead to?
Dangerous factional rivalry in the privy council
Who ran the government of England?
Elizabeth and her Privy Council
Who controlled each county?
Lord lieutenant
What was the Lord lieutenant?
A local noble(1 per county)appointed by the queen who organised an army to deal with rebellions and informed the privy council of what was going on. A form of patronage
Who were JPs(justices of peace)?
Unpaid workers appointed by the queen who collected taxes/fines, enforced the poor law and judged court cases. They were often bribed and corrupted. It was a form of patronage
How many JPs were in each county?
40`
What was parliament?
part of Elizabeth’s government in which MPs voted to give their consent for new laws and taxes
Did parliament pose a threat to Elizabeth’s authority?
A serious threat
how was parliament a threat to Elizabeth’s authority?
She needed consent to raise taxes and gave MPs power to push for changes they wanted.
What were the 4 main factors puritan MPs made speeches to push Elizabeth on?
1.Marry and name a protestant heir
2.Remove archbishops and Bishops and allow elected committees
to control churches
3. stop priests wearing vestments
4.Give MPs freedom of speech to discuss what they want in parliament
How did Elizabeth control Parliament?
1.only met 13 times during her 45 year reign
2.Privy councillors controlled the debate
3.Limited MPs freedom of speech by banning discussion of her
religion or marriage
4.Used harsh punishments
What punishment was given to Peter Wentworth in 1593?
He was imprisoned in the tower of London after he demanded a protestant heir
what punishment was given to John Stubbs in 1579?
His hand was chopped off for criticising Elizabeth’s proposed marriage to Catholic Duke of Anjou
What did she use propaganda to do?
Present an image of herself as a powerful and popular monarch
What did portraits of Elizabeth do?
emphasised her power and hid any signs of weakness
Why did Elizabeth go on progresses?
So she could be seen by ordinary people
where did her progresses take place?
In loyal protestant areas she never visited the north and west
what did her progresses show?
showed off her wealth and splendour as she spoke to ordinary people as she passed and through spectacular entertainment from nobles
How often did she do a progress?
Every summer
