Elizabeth Chapter 2 Flashcards
Who were the threats to Elizabeth’s throne at the start of the 1570s?
- English catholics
- Mary Queen of Scots
- Spain
- The dutch revolt
Why did the Northern Earls revolt?
- They wanted Catholicism restored in England
- They had lost a great deal of their influence
- Elizabeth refused to name an heir.
- MQS could potentially replace Elizabeth
Who was Thomas Percy?
The Earl of Northumberland. He had lost a lot of influence in court and the rights to a copper mine found on his lands in 1567.
Who was Charles Neville?
The Earl of Westmorland, he was from an important Catholic family.
Who was Thomas Howard?
The Duke of Norfolk, protestant, he disliked newcomers in Elizabeth’s court.
When did Robert Dudley inform Elizabeth of the plot (northern earls)?
September 1569
What happened once Elizabeth knew about the plot?
Norfolk was arrested and sent to the tower of London.
What were the key events of the revolt?
They marched on durham and took the cathedral and held mass, they then marched south however they were defeated by 14,000 troops loyal to the crown.
How many rebels were executed after the revolt of the northern earls?
450
When was Northumberland executed?
1572 in York
When did the Pope excommunicate Elizabeth?
1570
What was the significance of the Revolt of the Northern Earls?
- Treason laws became harsher and the definition was widened.
- First serious rebellion against Elizabeth.
- Prompted harsher treatment of Catholics
- Catholic loyalty was always in doubt.
What was the significance of the Papal bull?
Since loyalty to both their religion and their queen was no longer possible doubt was cast over all english catholics.
Who was Roberto Ridolfi?
An italian banker from florence living in England, he was also one of the pope’s spies.
What was the plan for the Ridolfi plot?
Elizabeth would be murdered, a spanish invasion would be launched and MQS would be put on the throne.
What actually happened with the Ridolfi plot?
Ridolfi had a letter declaring he was Catholic. Philip II told Alba to prepare 10,000 men to invade England. But william cecil uncovered the plot and by Autumn 1571 he had enough evidence to prove Norfolk’s guilt.
When was Norfolk executed?
June 1572
What was the significance of the Ridolfi plot?
- It reinforced the threat posed by Catholics.
- Reinforced the threat of Spain
- Because of the threat from Spain Elizabeth focused on improving her relations with France.
What two laws were passed against Catholics in 1581?
- Recusants would now be fined £20
- Attempting to convert people to catholicism was now treason.
What was the plan for the Throckmorton plot?
The French duke of Guise would invade England, free Mary, overthrow Elizabeth and restore Catholicism in England. Philip II would provide financial support. Francis Throckmorton would as a go-between, the pope also approved.
Why did the Throckmorton plot fail?
Francis Walsingham’s agents found incriminating papers at Throckmorton’s house.
When was Throckmorton arrested?
November 1583, he was executed in May 1584
What was Throckmorton’s significance?
- The papers included a list of Catholic sympathisers in England.
- Life became harder for Catholics, 11,000 were imprisoned or kept under surveillance.
What act did parliament pass in 1585 as a consequence of the Throckmorton plot?
Helping or sheltering Catholic priests was now punishable with death.
What was the plan for the babington plot?
It was centered on the murder of Elizabeth I, it also encouraged english catholics to rebel. The Duke of Guise would invade England with 60,000 men and put MQS on the throne, both Philip II and the pope supported it.
What happened with the Babington plot?
Anthony Babington wrote to MQS in July 1586 about the proposed plot, her letters were intercepted and read by Francis Walsingham. Once he has sufficient details about the plot, including the names of six catholics prepared to assassinate Elizabeth all involved were arrested.
When was MQS tried by the Privy council?
October 1586
What was the significance of the Babington plot?
- Spanish relations had already broken down so Elizabeth’s situation was even more dangerous.
- Elizabeth’s government became determined to crush Catholicism, mass arrests of recusants.
- MQS’s execution ended any hope of replacing Elizabeth with a catholic heir.
How many recusants were arrested in North London after the babington plot?
300
How many priests were executed after the Babington plot?
31
When was the Act for the preservation of the queen’s safety passed?
1585
What did the Act for the Preservation of the Queen’s Safety state?
In the event of Elizabeth’s assassination MQS was to be barred from succession, also, any action against MQS should only be taken once a commission had investigated her role in the plot, held a trial and found her guilty.
When was MQS executed?
8 February 1587
Why was MQS executed?
- Act for the Preservation of the Queen’s Safety.
- It was clear that Philip II was planning a major attack against England.
What was the Significance of MQS’s execution?
- Removed an important threat to Elizabeth.
- Philip had been planning to invade England since 1585, her execution gave him another reason to remove Elizabeth from the throne. Mary also left her to claim to Philip.
By 1580 where did Walsingham have agents and how many?
He had agents in 12 towns in France, nine in Germany, four in spain, three in Italy and others in Algiers, Tripoli and Istanbul.
Who was John Hart?
He was a Catholic Priest who had been held in the Tower in 1581 and he offered his services as a spy in return for a pardon.
What were Agents Provocateurs?
Agents who had become part of groups suspected of wrongdoing, and encourage other members to break the law so that potential threats can be identified and arrested.
How many priests were executed during Elizabeth I’s reign?
130 priests and 60 of their supporters were executed.
When were Catholic priests first smuggled into England?
1574
When was the sacking of Antwerp?
4 November 1576
