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GCSE History - Cold War, Elizabeth and USA > Cold War Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Cold War Chapter 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

In what year was Nixon elected?

A

1968

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2
Q

When was Brandt elected Chancellor of West Germany?

A

1969

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3
Q

What year was SALT 1

A

1972

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4
Q

What year did Brezhnev visit Washington?

A

1973

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5
Q

When were the Helsinki accords?

A

1975

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6
Q

What year was SALT 2?

A

1979

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7
Q

What is the definition of Détente?

A

A period of peace between two groups that were previously at war, or hostile to each other.

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8
Q

What would a policy of détente allow the USA to do?

A

It would allow the USA to spend less money on weapons and more on trying to solve the social problems in their country.

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9
Q

Why did the USSR want détente?

A

They were facing economic problems and wanted to devote more resources to improving living standards and updating its economy.

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10
Q

What was Willy Brandt’s policy of ‘Ostpolitik’?

A

It involved building better relations between East and West Germany. Other European nations followed his lead and established better relations with eastern european countries.

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11
Q

What did the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty state?

A

ABMs were only allowed at two sites, each site should have a maximum of 100 missiles.

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12
Q

What did the Interim treaty do?

A

It placed restrictions on the number of ICBMs and SLBMs each country could have.

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13
Q

Under the interim treaty how many ICBMs and SLBMs was the USA allowed?

A

1,054 ICBMs

740 SLBMs

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14
Q

Under the interim treaty how many ICBMs and SLBMs was the Soviet Union allowed?

A

1,618 ICBMs and 740 SLBMs

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15
Q

What did The Basic Principles Agreement say?

A

It laid down rules for the conduct of nuclear warfare. And set out steps for avoiding Nuclear warfare

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16
Q

What were the weaknesses of SALT 1?

A
  • It was unrealistic to expect war could be avoided by an agreement on paper.
  • It didn’t cover the latest technological development.
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17
Q

What was the impact of SALT 1 on international relations?

A

It showed that both countries wanted to reach agreement and they wanted to demonstrate their better relations.

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18
Q

When did negotiations for SALT 2 begin?

A

1974

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19
Q

What did the first basket of the Helsinki Accords cover?

A

European borders - Borders are inviolable, they cannot be altered by force.

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20
Q

What did the second basket at the Helsinki Accords cover?

A

International cooperation - We will continue to work for closer relations between Western and Soviet-controlled countries. This will include trade agreements, technology exchanges and a joint Space mission.

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21
Q

What did the third basket at the Helsinki Accords cover?

A

Human rights - We will respect human rights and individual freedoms such as free speech, religion, and free movement across Europe.

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22
Q

Which baskets was Brezhnev pleased with?

A

1 & 2

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23
Q

Which basket were the USA pleased with?

A

3

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24
Q

What brought détente to an end?

A

The soviet invasion of Afghanistan

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25
Q

When did Islamic militants capture the American embassy in Tehran?

A

November 1979, held hostages for 444 days.

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26
Q

Why was SALT 2 withdrawn from the senate?

A

Carter felt he could no longer support it

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27
Q

When was the Carter Doctrine?

A

1980

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28
Q

When was the US boycott of the Moscow olympics?

A

1980

29
Q

When was Reagan elected?

A

1980

30
Q

When did Brezhnev die?

A

1982

31
Q

When was SDI announced?

A

1983

32
Q

When did the USSR boycott the LA olympics?

A

1984

33
Q

Why did the Soviets invade Afghanistan?

A

They were determined not to let muslim fundamentalism spread across their border and they wanted to ensure there was a pro-Soviet government in Afghanistan.

34
Q

When did the Soviet invade afghan?

A

24 December 1979

35
Q

When was Amin assassinated?

A

27 December, almost certainly by Soviet commandos

36
Q

What was the Carter doctrine?

A

The USA would repel by force, if necessary, any threats to american interests in the Persian Gulf.

37
Q

How did the Americans see the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan?

A

They saw it as an example of the Soviets trying to spread communism abroad.

38
Q

How did the Americans react to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan?

A
  • Withdrew SALT 2
  • Imposed economic sanctions
  • Funded and supplied the mujahideen
39
Q

How many civilian deaths were there during the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan?

A

1.5 million

40
Q

How much did the war cost the USSR per year?

A

$8 billion

41
Q

How many nations supported the US during their boycott of the Olympics?

A

Over 60 nations

42
Q

How many communist countries joined the Soviet boycott?

A

15

43
Q

How did Reagan describe the Soviet Union?

A

An ‘evil empire’

44
Q

How much more more money was spent on the US armed forces in 1982?

A

13% more, with a further 8% in 1983 and 1984

45
Q

What was the Reagan doctrine?

A

The USA would support anti-communist governments and anti-communist groups trying to overthrow communist governments.

46
Q

What did SDI stand for?

A

Strategic Defense Initiative

47
Q

When did Gorbachev become leader?

A

1985

48
Q

Why did authorities declare martial law in Poland in 1981?

A

There was unrest due to lack of human rights, the trade union ‘Solidarity’ posed a threat.

49
Q

What was perestroika?

A

A proposal that the soviet state and economy should be reformed to include some of the practices that made capitalism successful.

50
Q

What was Glasnost?

A

There should be more openess and less corruption in the government, it would allow opposition to the government.

51
Q

What other things did Gorbachev include in his reforms?

A
  • The brezhnev doctrine would be dropped.

- Reduce spending on arms and defence and withdraw from Afghan.

52
Q

How did Reagan see Gorbachev’s reforms?

A

He saw that there was a real oppurtunity to end the Cold War, and to adopt a more open approach to the soviet union.

53
Q

What changes were made in Gorbachev’s first 4 years?

A

Further limitations on nuclear weapons

54
Q

What was the outcome of the Geneva summit?

A

No formal agreements but Gorbachev and Reagan established a good working relationship. They had a mutual desire to improve relations.

55
Q

What did Gorbachev propose at the Reykjavik Summit?

A

Phasing out nuclear weapons if the Americans gave up their SDI program.

56
Q

What was the outcome of the Reykjavik summit?

A

No formal agreement but an improvement in relations

57
Q

What was the outcome of the Washington summit?

A

Intermediate-Range Nuclear Force (INF) treaty

58
Q

What was the INF treaty?

A

Abolish all land based missiles with a range of 500-5,500km

59
Q

What happened at the Moscow summit?

A

Complex detail related to INF treaty resolved.

60
Q

What was the outcome of the Malta summit?

A

No new agreements were made, but both the USA and the Soviet Union saw this meeting as marking the end of the Cold War.

61
Q

What was the impact of removing the Brezhnev doctrine on the Satellite states?

A

They could choose how they were governed

62
Q

How many East Germans leave for the west on the 11th of September?

A

125,000

63
Q

When did the Berlin wall fall?

A

November 1989

64
Q

What did the destruction of the Berlin Wall symbolise?

A

It became the symbol of the end of Soviet control and the end of the Cold War

65
Q

When was the Warsaw Pact dissolved?

A

July 1991

66
Q

What did the break up of the Warsaw pact indicate?

A

The division between the democratic west and communist east was gone.

67
Q

Why did Gorbachev resign?

A

A coup severely damaged his authority.

68
Q

When did Gorbachev resign?

A

25 December 1991

69
Q

What immediately followed Gorbachev’s resignation?

A

The break-up of the Soviet Union

GCSE History - Cold War, Elizabeth and USA (10 decks)

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