Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GCSE History - Cold War, Elizabeth and USA > Cold War Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Cold War Chapter 2 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® U.S. History flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Edexcel Route A flashcards European History 101 flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Eduqas Route A flashcards AP® European History flashcards GCSE Geography - AQA flashcards AP® World History flashcards World History 102 flashcards U.S. History 102 flashcards World History 101 flashcards
1
Q

When was Krushchev’s Berlin ultimatum?

A

November 1958

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When was the Geneva Summit?

A

May 1959

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When did Krushchev visit the USA?

A

September 1959

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

When was the U-2 crisis?

A

May 1960

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When was the Camp David summit?

A

September 1959

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When was the Paris summit?

A

May 1960

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When was the Vienna summit?

A

June 1961

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When was the Berlin ultimatum renewed?

A

June 1961

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When did Kennedy visit Berlin?

A

June 1963

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why did many East Germans choose to go to West Germany?

A

The quality of life in West Germany was much higher and skilled workers left knowing they could be paid better in West Germany.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

By 1958 how many East Germans had crossed to the West?

A

Three million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What did Krushchev demand in his Berlin Ultimatum?

A

Berlin should be demilitarised and western troops withdrawn, berlin should become a “free city” (under the control of the USSR)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What were the consequences for the West if they ignored the Berlin ultimatum?

A

Krushchev would hand over control of all routes into Berlin to the government of East Germany.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What was the impact of the Berlin ultimatum on international relations?

A

The west was outraged, they saw it as evidence of Krushchev trying to spread communism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What happened at the Geneva summit in May 1959?

A

Both sides put forward proposals for how Berlin should be governed but no agreement was reached. Eisenhower invited Krushchev to the USA for further talks.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What happened at the Camp David summit in September 1959?

A

There was no agreement about the future of Berlin but the Soviets did agree to withdraw the Berlin ultimatum. The meeting appeared to establish better relations between the two leaders.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What happened at the Paris summit in May 1960?

A

Krushchev walked out of the meeting after Eisenhower refused to apologise for the U-2 spy plane flying over the Soviet Union.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What happened at the Vienna summit in June 1961?

A

Krushchev took a tough stance with the new American president Kennedy and renewed the Berlin ultimatum. Once more the meeting ended with no agreement on Berlin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What happened after the Vienna summit?

A

Kennedy increased spending on the US armed forces by $2 billion to protect the USA. It seemed that the USA was prepared to fight over Berlin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

On one day in August 1961 how many east germans crossed to the west?

A

40,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

When was the Berlin wall built and why?

A

The East German leader Walter Ulbricht urged krushchev to close the border. So on the night of 12 August 1961 a barbed wire fence was built.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What was the impact of the Berlin wall for ordinary Germans?

A

Many people were seperated from family members for years on end.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What were the negative impacts of the Berlin wall on the Soviet Union?

A
  • Krushchev had to abandon plans to unite Germany under Soviet control.
  • The wall showed that when given a choice most people preferred capitalism to communism.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What were the positive outcomes of the Berlin wall for the Soviets?

A
  • Stopped refugees leaving

- The wall sent a message that communism would survive in Berlin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Negative outcomes of the Berlin wall for the USA?

A
  • The Soviets hadn’t consulted the USA.

- People who wanted to escape communism were no longer able to.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Positive outcomes of the Berlin wall for the USA?

A
  • It showed Khrushchev had been forced to accept western control in West Berlin, he didn’t think he could bully Kennedy anymore.
  • West Berlin became an emblem of freedom and defiance against communism.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Negative outcomes of the Berlin wall on international relations

A
  • Things were so bad in Berlin now that a physical barrier had to be built.
  • It became a powerful symbol of the differences between East and West.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Positive outcomes of the Berlin wall on international relations

A
  • Less likely to go to war over Berlin. As kennedy said a wall was better than war.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

When did Fidel Castro become leader of Cuba?

A

January 1959

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

When did the Cuban government nationalise foreign-owned land in Cuba?

A

May 1959

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

When did Castro sign the agreement with Khrushchev?

A

February 1960

32
Q

When did the USA break off diplomatic relations with Cuba?

A

January 1961

33
Q

When was the Bay of Pigs?

A

April 1961

34
Q

When did Khrushchev offer weapons to Cuba?

A

September 1961

35
Q

When did the U-2 spy plane show Soviet missile silos on Cuba?

A

14 October 1962

36
Q

When did Kennedy assemble ExComm/ beginning of ‘Thirteen days’?

A

16 October 1962

37
Q

When did Kennedy announce the blockade on national television?

A

22 October 1962

38
Q

When did the Soviet Union agree to remove Nuclear missiles from Cuba?

A

28 October 1962

39
Q

When was the Telephone ‘hotline’ set up?

A

June 1963

40
Q

When was the Test Ban treaty?

A

August 1963

41
Q

What was the secret clause in Castro’s agreement with Khrushchev?

A

Cuba would receive arms from the Soviet Union.

42
Q

When did Eisenhower introduce a trade embargo with Cuba?

A

October 1960

43
Q

When did the USA break off diplomatic relations with Cuba?

A

January 1961

44
Q

When was the Bay of Pigs?

A

17 April 1961

45
Q

How many Cuban exiles made up the invasion force?

A

1,400

46
Q

Who trained the Cuban exiles?

A

The CIA

47
Q

What were the reasons for the Coup’s failure?

A
  • The volunteers had little military experience
  • The USA wanted to present it as a Cuban effort, therefore no US support.
  • They wrongly assumed most Cubans would support them.
48
Q

What were the effects of the ‘Bay of Pigs’ on international relations.

A
  • Humiliating for US, looked like the US were acting like Soviets trying to restore influence.
  • Khrushchev used it as propoganda ‘popularity of communism’.
  • Stronger relations between Cuba and USSR.
49
Q

When did Khrushchev publicly announce that he would provide arms to Cuba?

A

September 1961

50
Q

Why did Khrushchev put nuclear weapons on Cuba?

A
  • NATO had missiles in Turkey, it was now time for the USA to feel under threat.
  • If he could outwit kennedy it would restore his prestige.
51
Q

When did Kennedy set up the Naval blockade around Cuba?

A

22 October

52
Q

How many bombers did Kennedy prepare in case the Blockade failed?

A

54 bombers each with 4 Nuclear warheads.

53
Q

When did the Soviet ships reach the blockade?

A

24 October

54
Q

What happened when the Soviet ships reached the blockade?

A

They turned around, Dean Rusk the US secretary of state said ‘I think the other guy just blinked’.

55
Q

When did Khrushchev send a telegram to Kennedy offering to remove missiles from Cuba if the Americans agreed not to invade?

A

26 October

56
Q

When was a U-2 spy plane shot down over Cuba?

A

27 October

57
Q

What was agreed in secret by Kennedy’s brother?

A

Missiles would be removed from Turkey

58
Q

What was the Test Ban treaty?

A

It was an agreement prohibiting the testing of nuclear weapons in outer space, underwater or in the atmosphere.

59
Q

When was rhe Outer Space Treaty signed?

A

1967

60
Q

What did the Outer Space Treaty mean?

A

The USA and USSR agreed not to use space for military purposes.

61
Q

What was the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty?

A

An agreement that meant countries who signed wouldn’t share their nuclear technology with other countries.

62
Q

Was Khrushchevs unpopularity as a result of the cuban missile crisis a factor in his dimissal in 1964?

A

Yes

63
Q

Why was there opposition to Soviet Control in Czechoslovakia?

A
  • There was massive censorhsip
  • Lack of freedoms
  • Purges
64
Q

What did Dubcek believe a communist government should offer?

A

Socialism with a human face

65
Q

What does ‘Socialism with a human face’ mean?

A

Citizens should be able to enjoy life, express their views in public and speak out against Communist Party decisions they did not like, without fear of being punished by the government.

66
Q

What reforms did Dubcek introduce?

A
  • Censorship was relaxed and criticism of government actions allowed.
  • Trade unions were given wider powers and government control of industry was reduced.
  • More power was given to Czech regional governments.
  • Trade with the west increased
  • Czech people could travel abroad
67
Q

How were Dubcek’s reforms met by the Czech people?

A

They were met with great enthusiasm

68
Q

How did Moscow initially view the reforms?

A

Not very popular, Dubcek assured them they would remain loyal to the Warsaw pact. Brezhnev was concerned about losing control.

69
Q

Why did Brezhnev take action against Czechoslovakia?

A

When Dubcek invited Ceausescu of Romania and Tito of Yugoslavia to Prague for talks, brezhnev saw this as the last straw.

70
Q

How many Warsaw Pact troops invaded Czechoslovakia?

A

500,000

71
Q

When did Warsaw Pact troops invade Czechoslovakia?

A

20 August 1968

72
Q

Who replaced Dubcek?

A

A hardliner loyal to Moscow named Gustav Husak

73
Q

What was the Brezhnev Doctrine?

A

Brezhnev said that the actions of any individual communist country affected all communist countries. So if one country’s actions threaten other countries, then it was the duty of those countries to take steps to stop those actions.

74
Q

What was Brezhnev really saying in the Brezhnev doctrine?

A

All communist countries would be prevented from introducing reforms to make their country more liberal.

75
Q

What was the impact of the Prague Spring on other Communist countries in Europe?

A
  • Strained relations between Yugoslavia, Romania and Moscow.
  • The communist parties of Italy and France cut links to Moscow.
  • East Germany and Poland welcomed Brezhnev’s actions.
  • Led to greater Soviet control
76
Q

How did the Prague Spring and invasion effect relations between the USSR and USA?

A
  • The USA was outraged
  • Attempt to pass a formal resolution condemning the invasion in the UN.
  • The USSR saw that the USA would not take direct action.

GCSE History - Cold War, Elizabeth and USA (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions