Elizabeth Chapter 1 Flashcards
When did Elizabeth become Queen?
January 1559
What percentage of England’s population lived in the Countryside?
90%
Who were Yeomen?
Men who held a small amount of land or an estate
Who were tenant farmers?
Farmers who farmed rented land.
What was the Court?
A body of people who lived in, or near the same palace or house as the monarch
Who made up the Court?
Nobility
What was the role of the Court?
- To entertain and advise the monarch
- A public display of wealth and power
- Had influence
What was the Privy council made up of?
Leading courtiers and advisers
What was the role of the Privy Council?
- To debate current issues and advise the monarch.
- Make sure the monarch’s final decisions were carried out.
- Oversaw law and order
- Monitored the proceedings of parliament
What was the role of parliament?
- To grant extraordinary taxation
- Passed laws
- Offered advice to the monarch
What was a Lord Lieutenant?
Each county had a Lord Lieutenant chosen by the monarch. They were essential to maintaining the monarch’s power and England’s defences.
What was the role of the Lord Lieutenant?
- In charge of raising and and training the local militia.
- Oversaw the enforcement of policies
- Part of the local government
Who were Justices of the Peace?
JPs were large landowners who kept law and order in their local areas.
What was the role of the JPs?
- To make sure all social and economic policies were carried out.
- Heard county court cases every three months.
- They were part of the local government.
What did the Monarch have the power to do?
- Declare war and make peace
- Call and dismiss parliament
- Rule in some legal cases
- Grant titles, lands, money and jobs.
Who was the Secretary of State?
The most important Privy councillor, William Cecil until 1573
What was the Royal prerogative?
Areas that only the monarch had the right to decide on.
Why was Elizabeth’s legitamacy in doubt?
Because her Father, Henry VIII, had divorced his first wife in order to marry Elizabeth’s mother.
Why was Elizabeth’s gender a challenge?
At the time men were seen as the ones who should hold positions of power and women were not considered to be physically, mentally or emotionally capable of governing.
What languages did Elizabeth speak.
Latin, Greek, French and Italian. She was highly educated.
How could the Monarch raise money?
- Rents and incomes
- Taxes from trades
- Subsidies (had to be agreed by parliament)
- Profits of justice
- Loans
How much money was the Crown in debt when Elizabeth came to the throne?
£300,000
What was the average annual income of the crown at that time?
£286,667
What was the alliance between France and Scotland known as?
Auld Alliance
Why was MQS a threat?
She was a Catholic and had legitimate claim to the throne.
Why did Elizabeth want to regain Calais?
It would be a useful military base in France and it would help reconcile the humiliation England faced when they lost it.
Why did the Reformation begin in Europe?
People believed the Catholic church had become corrupt and greedy.
Which communities were more likely to be catholic in England?
More remote communities, such as lancashire.
How many protestants were burned during Mary I’s reign?
300
What did the Act of Supremacy do?
Made Elizabeth supreme governor of the Church of England - all clergy and royal officials had to swear an oath of allegiance to her as the head of the Church.
What did the Act of Uniformity do?
Established the appearance of churches and the form of services they held.
What were the Royal Injunctions?
A set of instructions issued by Sir William Cecil on behalf of the queen to the clergy, on a wide range of issues to reinforce the acts of supremacy and Uniformity. It included instructions of how people should worship God and the structure of services.
When did people have to attend church?
On a Sunday and other holy days
What was the fine for not attending church?
1 shilling (12 pence)
What did the Labourers’ act of 1563 say?
- Labourers could earn up to three pence a day
- A skilled craftsmen could earn up to four pence a day.
- A servant could earn between eight and nine pence a week.
Why did Elizabeth create the Religous Settlement?
She wanted a Protestant Church that Catholics would accept. She did not want them to feel forced to choose between loyalty to their religion and their queen.
How many priests took the oath of supremacy?
Eight thousand priests and less important clergy did so.
How many parishes were in England at the time of the Religous Settlement?
10,000
How many bishops agreed to take the oath of supremacy?
1
What did church courts do?
- Moral issues
- Wills and inheritance
What were visitations?
Inspections of churches and clergy by bishops to ensure that everyone took the oath of supremacy and were following the terms of the religous settlement.
When were the first visitations?
1559
How many clergy were dismissed after the first visitations?
400
What was the crucifix controversy?
Puritans were unhappy about having crucifixes in their church, they believe it represented idols.
What was the vestment controversy?
Puritans believed that priests shouldn’t wear special clothing.
What was the ‘Book of Advertisements’?
It was issued by the archbishop of canterbury and they were further guidlines for priests to follow.
When did the Pope issue an instruction that they should not attend church of england services?
1566
By supporting a protestant rebellion in France what did Elizabeth achieve?
All she achieved was to irritate Philip II of Spain.
When was the dutch revolt?
1566
How many spanish troops were sent to put down the Dutch revolt?
10,000 men under the Duke of Alba
Why was Elizabeth concerned about Alba’s presence in the Netherlands?
- He had a large army which was within striking distance of England.
- She didn’t want to be seen as Europe’s leading Protestant monarch.
Why did the Catholic threat within England become more serious in 1568-69?
- MQS had fled to England.
- Revolt of the Northern Earls.
When did the Scottish Protestant lords’ rebellion begin in Scotland?
1559
When did King Francis II of France die?
1560
When did Mary marry Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley?
1565
When is Mary placed under house arrest in England?
1569
What did the Treaty of Edinburgh say?
MQS would give up her claim to the English throne.
