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GCSE History - Cold War, Elizabeth and USA > Elizabeth Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Elizabeth Chapter 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

When did Elizabeth become Queen?

A

January 1559

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2
Q

What percentage of England’s population lived in the Countryside?

A

90%

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3
Q

Who were Yeomen?

A

Men who held a small amount of land or an estate

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4
Q

Who were tenant farmers?

A

Farmers who farmed rented land.

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5
Q

What was the Court?

A

A body of people who lived in, or near the same palace or house as the monarch

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6
Q

Who made up the Court?

A

Nobility

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7
Q

What was the role of the Court?

A
  • To entertain and advise the monarch
  • A public display of wealth and power
  • Had influence
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8
Q

What was the Privy council made up of?

A

Leading courtiers and advisers

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9
Q

What was the role of the Privy Council?

A
  • To debate current issues and advise the monarch.
  • Make sure the monarch’s final decisions were carried out.
  • Oversaw law and order
  • Monitored the proceedings of parliament
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10
Q

What was the role of parliament?

A
  • To grant extraordinary taxation
  • Passed laws
  • Offered advice to the monarch
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11
Q

What was a Lord Lieutenant?

A

Each county had a Lord Lieutenant chosen by the monarch. They were essential to maintaining the monarch’s power and England’s defences.

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12
Q

What was the role of the Lord Lieutenant?

A
  • In charge of raising and and training the local militia.
  • Oversaw the enforcement of policies
  • Part of the local government
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13
Q

Who were Justices of the Peace?

A

JPs were large landowners who kept law and order in their local areas.

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14
Q

What was the role of the JPs?

A
  • To make sure all social and economic policies were carried out.
  • Heard county court cases every three months.
  • They were part of the local government.
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15
Q

What did the Monarch have the power to do?

A
  • Declare war and make peace
  • Call and dismiss parliament
  • Rule in some legal cases
  • Grant titles, lands, money and jobs.
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16
Q

Who was the Secretary of State?

A

The most important Privy councillor, William Cecil until 1573

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17
Q

What was the Royal prerogative?

A

Areas that only the monarch had the right to decide on.

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18
Q

Why was Elizabeth’s legitamacy in doubt?

A

Because her Father, Henry VIII, had divorced his first wife in order to marry Elizabeth’s mother.

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19
Q

Why was Elizabeth’s gender a challenge?

A

At the time men were seen as the ones who should hold positions of power and women were not considered to be physically, mentally or emotionally capable of governing.

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20
Q

What languages did Elizabeth speak.

A

Latin, Greek, French and Italian. She was highly educated.

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21
Q

How could the Monarch raise money?

A
  • Rents and incomes
  • Taxes from trades
  • Subsidies (had to be agreed by parliament)
  • Profits of justice
  • Loans
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22
Q

How much money was the Crown in debt when Elizabeth came to the throne?

A

£300,000

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23
Q

What was the average annual income of the crown at that time?

A

£286,667

24
Q

What was the alliance between France and Scotland known as?

A

Auld Alliance

25
Q

Why was MQS a threat?

A

She was a Catholic and had legitimate claim to the throne.

26
Q

Why did Elizabeth want to regain Calais?

A

It would be a useful military base in France and it would help reconcile the humiliation England faced when they lost it.

27
Q

Why did the Reformation begin in Europe?

A

People believed the Catholic church had become corrupt and greedy.

28
Q

Which communities were more likely to be catholic in England?

A

More remote communities, such as lancashire.

29
Q

How many protestants were burned during Mary I’s reign?

A

300

30
Q

What did the Act of Supremacy do?

A

Made Elizabeth supreme governor of the Church of England - all clergy and royal officials had to swear an oath of allegiance to her as the head of the Church.

31
Q

What did the Act of Uniformity do?

A

Established the appearance of churches and the form of services they held.

32
Q

What were the Royal Injunctions?

A

A set of instructions issued by Sir William Cecil on behalf of the queen to the clergy, on a wide range of issues to reinforce the acts of supremacy and Uniformity. It included instructions of how people should worship God and the structure of services.

33
Q

When did people have to attend church?

A

On a Sunday and other holy days

34
Q

What was the fine for not attending church?

A

1 shilling (12 pence)

35
Q

What did the Labourers’ act of 1563 say?

A
  • Labourers could earn up to three pence a day
  • A skilled craftsmen could earn up to four pence a day.
  • A servant could earn between eight and nine pence a week.
36
Q

Why did Elizabeth create the Religous Settlement?

A

She wanted a Protestant Church that Catholics would accept. She did not want them to feel forced to choose between loyalty to their religion and their queen.

37
Q

How many priests took the oath of supremacy?

A

Eight thousand priests and less important clergy did so.

38
Q

How many parishes were in England at the time of the Religous Settlement?

A

10,000

39
Q

How many bishops agreed to take the oath of supremacy?

A

1

40
Q

What did church courts do?

A
  • Moral issues

- Wills and inheritance

41
Q

What were visitations?

A

Inspections of churches and clergy by bishops to ensure that everyone took the oath of supremacy and were following the terms of the religous settlement.

42
Q

When were the first visitations?

A

1559

43
Q

How many clergy were dismissed after the first visitations?

A

400

44
Q

What was the crucifix controversy?

A

Puritans were unhappy about having crucifixes in their church, they believe it represented idols.

45
Q

What was the vestment controversy?

A

Puritans believed that priests shouldn’t wear special clothing.

46
Q

What was the ‘Book of Advertisements’?

A

It was issued by the archbishop of canterbury and they were further guidlines for priests to follow.

47
Q

When did the Pope issue an instruction that they should not attend church of england services?

A

1566

48
Q

By supporting a protestant rebellion in France what did Elizabeth achieve?

A

All she achieved was to irritate Philip II of Spain.

49
Q

When was the dutch revolt?

A

1566

50
Q

How many spanish troops were sent to put down the Dutch revolt?

A

10,000 men under the Duke of Alba

51
Q

Why was Elizabeth concerned about Alba’s presence in the Netherlands?

A
  • He had a large army which was within striking distance of England.
  • She didn’t want to be seen as Europe’s leading Protestant monarch.
52
Q

Why did the Catholic threat within England become more serious in 1568-69?

A
  • MQS had fled to England.

- Revolt of the Northern Earls.

53
Q

When did the Scottish Protestant lords’ rebellion begin in Scotland?

A

1559

54
Q

When did King Francis II of France die?

A

1560

55
Q

When did Mary marry Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley?

A

1565

56
Q

When is Mary placed under house arrest in England?

A

1569

57
Q

What did the Treaty of Edinburgh say?

A

MQS would give up her claim to the English throne.

GCSE History - Cold War, Elizabeth and USA (10 decks)

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