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NEBOSH Construction Certificate > Element 7 - Fire Safety > Flashcards

Element 7 - Fire Safety Flashcards

1
Q

Explain the 5 classes of fire?

A
  • Class A: Solid materials, usually organic, such as paper, wood, coal and textiles.
  • Class B: Flammable liquids, such as petrol, oil and solvents.
  • Class C: Gases, such as methane, propane and acetylene.
  • Class D: Metals, such as aluminium or magnesium.
  • Class F: High-temperature fats and oils, such as cooking fat fire.
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2
Q

Identify the 3 things that must be present for a fire to start.

A
  • Oxygen.
  • Fuel.
  • Heat.
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3
Q

Explain why the “Fire Triangle” is used?

A
  • Fire prevention: Keeping the 3 elements apart means that the fire cannot start.
  • Fire-Fighting: By removing one of the elements, the fire will go out.
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4
Q

Define “Flammable”?

A

A technical term indicating the substance gives off a vapour that can be ignited.

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5
Q

Identify 4 different methods by which a fire can spread?

A
  • Direct Burning.
  • Convection.
  • Conduction.
  • Radiation.
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6
Q

Identify some of the most common causes of workplace fires?

A
  • Electrical equipment.
  • Deliberate ignition.
  • Hot work.
  • Smoking.
  • Cooking appliances.
  • Heating appliances.
  • Unsafe use and storage of flammable liquids and gases.
  • Mechanical heat.
  • Chemical reactions.
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7
Q

Identify the 3 main reasons for carrying out a Fire Risk Assessment?

A
  • Prevent harm to people.
  • Comply with the law.
  • Minimise the cost of fire at the workplace.
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8
Q

What does RRFSO stand for?

A
  • Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005.
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9
Q

What does IIERR stand for?

A
  • Identify the risk.
  • Identify the people at risk.
  • Evaluate/Reduce the risk.
  • Record the findings.
  • Review the assessment.
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10
Q

Identify the fire hazards?

A
  • Source of fuel.
  • Source of Ignition/heat.
  • Source of oxygen.
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11
Q

Give the fire precautions that are required?

A
  • Fire prevention.
  • Prevention of the spread of smoke and flames.
  • Fire detection and alarm.
  • Fire-fighting equipment.
  • Means of escape.
  • Signs and notices.
  • Lighting.
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12
Q

Identify who might be more at risk in a fire situation?

A
  • Lone workers (cleaners).
  • People working in isolated areas (plant room).
  • The young (toddlers in a crèche).
  • The elderly (residents in a care home).
  • The disabled (wheelchair users).
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13
Q

Outline typical precautions for control of hot work?

A
  • Flammable materials are removed from the work area.
  • Items that cannot be removed are covered with fire-retardant blankets.
  • The floor is swept clean.
  • Wooden floor is damped down.
  • A suitable fire extinguisher is at hand.
  • A “Fire Watcher” is present in the area.
  • The work area is visited routinely after the work has finished to check the area for smouldering.
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14
Q

Outline the key criteria with regard to safe use of flammable liquids?

A
  • Use the minimum volume of liquid required.
  • Liquid should be in a properly labelled container.
  • Ideally the container will be metal with a self-closing lid.
  • Use a metal tray to catch spills and have absorbent material available.
  • Use away from heat and ignition sources.
  • Ensure that the workplace is well ventilated.
  • Return containers to safe storage after use.
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15
Q

Outline the key criteria with regard to safe storage of flammable liquids in work rooms?

A
  • Store minimal volumes only.
  • Store in a purpose built flammables cabinet (fire resistant/metal, lockable doors, clearly signed, built in catch tray).
  • Store away from potential ignition sources.
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16
Q

Outline the key criteria with regard to safe storage of flammable liquids?

A
  • Store in purpose built, single storey flammables store.
  • The store built of non-combustible materials.
  • The store having a lightweight roof for explosion relief.
  • Ideally the store built outdoors away from other buildings or having firewall protection.
  • The store suitably fenced in a secure area.
  • All electrical systems are intrinsically safe.
  • All other ignition sources are eliminated.
  • The store being well ventilated at high and low levels.
  • All access doors lockable with sill to contains spillages.
  • Adequate fire-fighting equipment.
  • Suitable fire safety signs.
  • Regular checks for security, secure and safe storage, leaks of liquids, etc.
  • Having clear, safe access for the fire service.
17
Q

Give some typical characteristics of a fire door?

A
  • Rated to withstand fire for a minimum period of time (e.g. 20-30 mins).
  • Fitted with:
    A self closing device.
    An instrument strip.
    A cold smoke seal.
    A vision panel of fire resistant glass.
  • Clearly labelled (e.g. Fire door - Keep shut).
18
Q

Give some characteristics of heavier fire doors?

A
  • Contain fire within compartments that contain greater risk of fire risk (e.g. Plant room).
  • Keep fire out if compartments that contain fire-sensitive contents (e.g. Computer room). Therefore a higher rating will be required to withstand the fire (e.g. 1 to 2 hours).
19
Q

Outline some common building materials and their effect in a fire?

A
  • Concrete: usually very resistant to fire and does not collapse catastrophically. It may spall/throw off small chunks.
  • Steel: severely affected by high temperatures. Expansion occurs, pushing structural elements apart. Steel may twist and warp, leading to building collapse.
  • Brick: very resistant to fire.
  • Timber: thin timber will burn, however thick beams may not fully burn. Thick timber will fail slowly rather than suddenly.
20
Q

Identify other materials that can make a difference to fire resistance?

A
  • Insulation: wall insulation.

- Wall coverings: paint or wallpaper.

21
Q

Explain what “The Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres Regulations 2002 (DSEAR)” requires from an employer?

A
  • Classify hazardous locations (where an explosive atmosphere might be created due to the presence of a dangerous substance or combustible dust), into “Zones”, and then control the fire and explosion risks appropriately.
22
Q

Outline an employers Zone classifications for gases, vapours and mists?

A
  • Zone 0 (Zone 20 for dusts): a place in which an explosive atmosphere is present continuously or for long periods or frequently.
  • Zone 1 (Zone 21 for dusts): a place in which an explosive atmosphere is likely to occur in normal operation occasionally.
  • Zone 2 (Zone 22 for dusts): a place in which an explosive atmosphere is not likely to occur in normal operation but, if it does occur, will persist for a short period only.
23
Q

Identify the some general principles to be applied when deciding upon appropriate fire detection and alarm systems?

A
  • The simplest system.
  • Simple with more noise.
  • Manually operated fire alarm.
  • Interlinked smoke alarms.
  • Automatic fire detection and alarm (Smoke detectors/Heat detectors).
24
Q

Identify some types of portable fire fighting equipment?

A
  • Portable fire extinguisher.
  • Fire blankets.
  • Hose reels.
  • Sprinkler systems.
25
Q

Outline some basic siting considerations of fire extinguishers?

A
  • On fire exit routes.
  • Near exit doors.
  • Close to hazards that they are supposed to protect against (fire blanket next to a gas hob in a kitchen).
  • No one should have to travel further than 30 metres to reach an extinguisher.
  • Fixed to walls at comfortable heights (1 metre for large extinguishers/1.5 metres for smaller ones).
  • Clearly visible and labelled.
26
Q

Give the 5 types of fire extinguisher?

A
  • Water: used for Class A fires.
  • Carbon dioxide: used for Class A & B fires.
  • Foam: used for Class A & B fires.
  • Dry powder: used for all Classes.
  • Wet chemical: used for Class F fires.
27
Q

Give a definition of a “Fire Main”?

A
  • A water supply pipe installed specifically for fire-fighting purposes.
28
Q

Outline the factors to be considered when developing a fire plan?

A
  • Details of who is likely to be in the building:
    Workers
    Visitors
    Contractors
    Vulnerable persons
  • Action to be taken by the person who finds the fire:
    How will the alarm be raised
    How will the emergency services be contacted
  • Escape routes:
    Number and location
    Travel distances
    Provision of fire exit route signs
    Emergency lighting of escape corridors and stairwells
  • Fire fighting equipment:
    Provision of portable equipment
  • Action to be taken after evacuation:
    Roll call
    Fire Marshalls to check building is evacuated
  • Training in:
    Use of equipment
    Fire drills
    Co-operation with other employers on site
29
Q

Give some considerations when planning “escape routes” or “means of escape” in the event of an evacuation of a workplace?

A
  • Means of escape.
  • Travel distances.
  • Stairs and passageways.
  • Doors.
  • Emergency escape lighting.
  • Exit and directional signs.
  • Assembly points.
  • Fire marshals.
  • Training and information.
  • Fire drills.
  • Roll call.

NEBOSH Construction Certificate (13 decks)

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