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NEBOSH Construction Certificate > Element 4 - Musculoskeletal > Flashcards

Element 4 - Musculoskeletal Flashcards

1
Q

Define WORK RELATED UPPER LIMB DISORDERS (WRULDS)?

A

Injuries occurring in the upper body (the hands, arms, wrists, fingers, neck and shoulders) usually affecting the soft tissue, and caused or contributed to by a workers activities in the workplace.

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2
Q

Define MUSCULOSKELETAL HAZARDS?

A

Often associated with lifting and moving heavy loads, but they are also associated with the way apparently easy and light objects are handled, and from poor posture whilst carrying out work activities.

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3
Q

Give some examples of repetitive construction activities that can cause MSDS and WRULDS?

A
  • Digging.
  • Kerb laying.
  • Movement and fixing of plasterboard.
  • Placement and finishing of concrete slabs.
  • Bricklaying.
  • Erecting and dismantling scaffolds.
  • Use of display screen equipment.
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4
Q

Identify some of the ill health effects of poorly designed tasks and workstations?

A
  • Physical stress.
  • Visual problems.
  • Mental stress.
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5
Q

Give some WRULDS?

A
  • Tendonitis.
  • Tenosynovitis.
  • Ulnar neuritis.
  • Carpal tunnel syndrome.
  • Thoracic outlet syndrome.
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6
Q

Explain the factors contributing to ill-health conditions?

A
  • THE TASK…..posture and physical action, forces involved, repetition, duration and recovery time.
  • ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS…..illumination, contrast, glare, cold and damp conditions due to majority of construction work taking place outdoors.
  • EQUIPMENT…..physical characteristics of equipment (handles too small/big, etc), position of equipment in relation to the worker.
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7
Q

Define ERGONOMICS?

A

The study of the relationship between the worker, the work that they are doing, and the environment in which they are doing it.

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8
Q

What is the aim of ergonomics?

A

To improve a persons comfort, safety and productivity by ADAPTING THE WORKPLACE and the WORK TASKS to suit them.

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9
Q

When assessing Manual Handling Risks what should be considered?

A 
TILE
T - Task
I - Individual
L - Load
E - Environment
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10
Q

Define MANUAL HANDLING?

A

Any transporting or supporting of a load (including the lifting, putting down, pushing, pulling, carrying or moving thereof) by hand or by bodily force.

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11
Q

Define MECHANICAL HANDLING?

A

The use of any machine - hand operated or power driven - to aid manual handling and to move, lift and carry loads.

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12
Q

Give the 4 main causes of harm from Manual Handling operations?

A
  • Failing to use a proper technique for lifting or moving an object or load.
  • Moving loads which are too heavy.
  • Failing to grip an object or load in a safe manner.
  • Not wearing appropriate PPE.
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13
Q

Identify some common types of Manual Handling injury?

A
  • Back injuries.
  • Muscular problems.
  • Hernias.
  • Cuts, abrasions and bruising.
  • Bone injuries.
  • WRULDS.
  • Exposure to hazardous substances.
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14
Q

Define LOAD?

A

Any discrete moveable object, including a person. The weight of the load is not the most critical factor. The term does NOT include a control lever attached to a machine.

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15
Q

When attempting to avoid or minimise manual handling risks, give some considerations when assessing the TASK?

A
  • Sequencing…..adjusting tasks to minimise the number of times it is carried out.
  • Work routine….introduce breaks, rotation.
  • Using teams.
  • Mechanise or automate the task.
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16
Q

When attempting to avoid or minimise manual handling risks, give some considerations when assessing the INDIVIDUAL?

A
  • Any historical health issues.
  • Sex.
  • Any current health issues (pregnant).
  • Training.
  • Health surveillance.
17
Q

When attempting to avoid or minimise manual handling risks, give some considerations when assessing the LOAD?

A
  • Weight and size.
  • Making the load easier to grasp.
  • Making the load more stable and rigid.
  • Making the load less damaging to hold.
  • Suitable markings (centre of gravity, approximate weight, etc).
18
Q

When attempting to avoid or minimise manual handling risks, give some considerations when assessing the ENVIRONMENT?

A
  • Workplace design.
  • Floor conditions.
  • Changes of level.
  • Atmospheric conditions.
  • PPE.
19
Q

Explain the manual handling hierarchy in practice, when planning a to carry out a task?

A
  • ELIMINATE…..need to manual handle.
  • SUBSTITUTE….use alternative material within the load (lighter).
  • TOTALLY MECHANISE…..use a machine to handle the load.
  • PARTIALLY MECHANISE…..use a machine to do as much as possible.
  • MANUALLY HANDLE…..as a last resort.
20
Q

Define SAFE SYSTEM OF WORK?

A

Working methods resulting from an assessment of the risks inherent in a task, and identification of the precautions that are needed to do that task in a safe and healthy manner.

21
Q

Identify the types of lifting and moving equipment which many hazards are associated with?

A
  • Forklift trucks.
  • Rough terrain counter balanced lift trucks.
  • Telescopic Materials Handlers (Telehandlers).
  • Dumper trucks.
  • Excavators.
  • Lifts and Hoists.
  • Conveyors.
  • Cranes.
  • Mobile cranes.
  • Tower cranes.
  • Accessories for lifting operations.
22
Q

Give some legal requirements for lifting operations?

A
  • Strong, stable and suitable equipment.
  • Correct positioning and installation.
  • Appropriate and visible markings (e.g. Safe working load).
  • Proper planning and supervision of lifting operations, including being carried out in a safe manner by competent people.
  • Thorough examination and inspection of lifting equipment.
23
Q

When conducting lifting operations, give the responsibilities of an APPOINTED PERSON?

A

CONTROL THE LIFTING OPERATION.
CARRY OUT AN ASSESSMENT TO CHECK THAT:
- Ground conditions are suitable.
- No overhead obstructions.
- Lifting appliance is suitable with SWL clearly marked.
- Examination and test certificates are in place and up to date.
- Incident and defect reporting procedure is in place.
- Operators, slingers and banks men are suitable and competent.
- A good method of communication is in place.
- The prevailing and expected weather conditions are suitable.

24
Q

Define OVERSAILING?

A

The action of carrying a suspended load over something, e.g. Over other construction activities, buildings or roads/railways/waterways, etc.

25
Q

Give examples of manually operated load moving equipment?

A
  • Wheel barrows.
  • Platform trucks (flat bed trolleys with 2 or 4 wheels).
  • Sack trucks (2 wheeled trolleys).
  • Pallet trucks (flat version of fork lift trucks).
  • Hand operated hoists.
26
Q

Define LIFTING EQUIPMENT?

A

Work equipment for lifting or lowering loads and its attachments for anchoring, fixing or supporting it, i.e. Cranes, goods lifts and hoists and forklift trucks. Lifting accessories are included, which attach the load to the machine, such as ropes, chains, slings, eye bolts, etc.

27
Q

Define MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS?

A

A wide ranging term that covers all disorders that affect the body’s muscles, ligaments, tendons, joints, nerves and other soft tissues. Included are upper-limb disorders.

NEBOSH Construction Certificate (13 decks)

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