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NEBOSH Construction Certificate > Element 2 - Construction Sites > Flashcards

Element 2 - Construction Sites Flashcards

1
Q

Give some typical “RESTRICTIONS” on land for construction?

A
  • National planning authorities placing planning or statutory restrictions.
  • Local authorities having regulations, planning restrictions and building by-laws.
  • Buildings listed for preservation.
  • Government trade and industry regulations requiring permission for industrial development.
  • Rights of way.
  • Rights of support.
  • Rights of light.
  • Tunnels, mine workings.
  • Ancient monuments and burial grounds.
  • Previously potentially contaminating uses of the site and adjacent areas.
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2
Q

Describe some good site planning/arrangements for site access?

A
  • Suitable signs at entrances and elsewhere warning of site activities.
  • Good visibility for site traffic entering/leaving site.
  • Site offices and parking should be close to the entrance.
  • Access controlled, visitors signed in/out.
  • Arrangements for waste collection and removal should be in place.
  • Access for emergency services should be identified and kept clear.
  • Consideration should be given to any footpaths or public rights of way through the site.
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3
Q

Describe some good site planning/arrangements in relation to “ROADWAYS”?

A
  • Roadways and pedestrian routes should be properly signed.
  • Pedestrians should be segregated from vehicles as much as possible.
  • A one-way system should be put in place,neither designated reversing areas if this cannot be avoided.
  • Liaison with local authorities may be needed for controls on public roads.
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4
Q

Describe some good site planning/arrangements in relation to “STORAGE”?

A
  • Well signed.
  • Secured.
  • Protected.
  • Large enough.
  • Segregated where appropriate.
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5
Q

Describe some good site planning/arrangements in relation to “LOADING/UNLOADING”?

A
  • Safe areas for this will be needed away from pedestrian activity.
  • A banks an should be used for reversing and unloading operations.
  • Operations may need to be halted while some crane or unloading activities take place.
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6
Q

Describe some good site planning/arrangements in relation to “OFFICES”?

A
  • Sited as close to the entrance as possible.
  • They are usually portable buildings and local authorities may need to be notified of their presence.
  • Some buildings may be more than one floor high and adequate fire precautions and escape arrangements must be in place.
  • All temporary services to site offices are to be correctly identified and protected from damage where necessary.
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7
Q

Describe some good site planning/arrangements in relation to “LIGHTING”?

A
  • All site access routes, signs, scaffolding and waste skips should be well lit and free from dark shadowy areas.
  • Enough lighting to allow people to move around safely.
  • Some areas like pedestrian crossings may need local lighting.
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8
Q

Describe some good site planning/arrangements in relation to “SIGNS”?

A
  • The health and safety plan will show where on the site layout its best to place signs, which are likely to be moved as work progresses.
  • Must be clear and conform to European standards.
  • Traffic signs should be reflective, or may require lighting.
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9
Q

List some typical site security measures?

A
  • Perimeter fencing.
  • Security guards.
  • Locked gates.
  • Means of securing plant and chemicals.
  • Roadside and security lighting.
  • Safe viewing points.
  • Visitor registration and sign in/out procedures.
  • Escorting personnel when on site.
  • Education (particularly for children).
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10
Q

Identify what must be covered in the site rules by the Principal Contractor?

A
  • Site access - means of access and authorisations for certain areas.
  • Operation of any permit to work systems.
  • PPE requirements.
  • Fire precautions and prevention.
  • The nature and accessibility of welfare facilities.
  • Site alarms and emergency response.
  • First aid and accident reporting.
  • Site transport precautions - speed limits, driver rules, parking, reversing, loading and unloading, and deliveries to site.
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11
Q

Identify what must be covered in the site induction by the Principal Contractor?

A
  • Inductions must be recorded.
  • Details of sign in/out, procedures, car parking, PPE requirements.
  • Conditions of work.
  • Emergency procedures, including accident reporting, fire precautions, medical welfare where appropriate, locations and purpose of all safety and fire equipment.
  • Special hazards and permit to work requirements.
  • Exclusion and no-go areas.
  • Use of mobile phones, etc.
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12
Q

Identify the types of welfare facilities that must be available to workers on Construction sites?

A
  • Sanitary conveniences.
  • Washing facilities.
  • Drinking water.
  • Accommodation for clothing.
  • Rest and eating facilities.
  • Ventilation, heating and lighting.
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13
Q

Describe some extra considerations for “special” situations, when planning welfare?

A
  • Showers and soaps with hand/nail scrubbing brushes.
  • Separate lockers for “clean” and “dirty” clothes.
  • Drying rooms separate from those used by other workers.
  • Arrangements for cleaning of work clothes separate from others.
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14
Q

List the factors to consider when deciding upon adequate first aid provision on site?

A
  • The hazards and risks in site.
  • The size of the workforce.
  • The nature and distribution of the workforce.
  • The accident history of the organisation.
  • How far the site is from ambulance/hospital.
  • The needs of travelling and remote workers.
  • The nature of the shared facilities on site and other employers needs.
  • Annual leave and holiday requirements of first aiders and appointed persons.
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15
Q

Explain what control measures should be in place on a construction site, to reduce the effects of inclement weather on workers?

A
  • Adequate assessment of risks posed by the weather.
  • Suspension of work if the weather is too bad.
  • Wet and/or warm weather protective clothing.
  • Provision of protective sun-creams in prolonged sunshine.
  • Shelters in which to take breaks while out on site.
  • Safe systems of work for handling materials and working at height.
  • Assessment of road surface conditions and safe systems of working.
  • Inspection of access equipment and excavations.
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16
Q

Identify the health effects of working in a HOT environment?

A
  • Dehydration
  • Muscle cramps
  • Heat stress
  • Heat stroke
  • Burns from radiant heat and contact with hot materials/surfaces.
17
Q

Identify the health effects of working in a COLD environment?

A
  • Hypothermia
  • Frostbite
  • Slip hazards
  • Freeze burn injuries
18
Q

List some good practice control measures for a hot working environment?

A
  • Good ventilation.
  • Limit exposure time for individual workers.
  • Insulate heat sources (lagging).
  • Shield heat sources.
  • Provide cool refuges for workers to shelter/cool off.
  • Provide cool drinking water.
  • Operate a job rotation.
  • Enforce frequent breaks.
  • Suitable PPE (heat resistant clothing, face shields, etc).
19
Q

List some good practice control measures for a cold working environment?

A
  • Prevent/protect workers from draughts.
  • Shield or lag very cold surfaces.
  • Provide warm refuges for workers.
  • Provide warm clothing.
  • Enforce frequent breaks and job rotation.
  • Provide hot food and drink.
  • Scrape, salt or grit icy floors and road surfaces.
20
Q

Explain what “violence at work” is?

A

Any incident where a worker is abused, threatened or assaulted while working.

21
Q

Identify factors that increase the risk of violence in construction occupations?

A
  • Handling high value goods.
  • Refusing customers or clients.
  • Censuring clients or customers….excluding them from site for breaches of rules.
  • Contact with customers/clients who are under stress, influenced by drugs or alcohol.
  • Dealing with employees who may be subject to disciplinary procedure.
  • Lone workers (night watchman).
  • Late working personnel may be more vulnerable.
  • Geographic location (urban/rural).
22
Q

Explain how to reduce violence at work. What control measures need to be established?

A
  • PREVENTION by collecting and analysing incident investigation reports, interviewing staff, conducting staff surveys.
  • ELIMINATION/SUBSTITUTION by minimising handling of high value items, minimising customer/client frustration (improve facilities, employ adequate number of staff, improve information, screen personnel).
  • ENGINEERING CONTROLS by securing doors, use of CCTV systems, improved lighting, minimise “dead ground space”, arrangements for personnel working late or alone,physical separation between staff and customers, removal of items that could be used as a weapon.
  • PROCEDURAL MEASURES.
  • INDIVIDUAL MEASURES by providing training and information to staff, issue personal protection alarms/devices or methods of communication.
  • INVESTIGATION conducted appropriately and professionally.
23
Q

Describe how the effects of alcohol and drugs on the human body can lead to a number of related problems?

A
  • Alteration of personality.
  • Reduced reactions.
  • Lack of awareness.
  • A change in attitude to danger.
  • Hallucinations and blurred vision.
  • Belligerence or extreme friendliness.
  • Reduced efficiency, absenteeism.
  • Dishonesty and theft.
  • Poor time keeping and misconduct.
24
Q

What could a drugs and alcohol policy contain?

A
  • Rules restricting access to drugs and alcohol in the workplace or during working hours.
  • Arrangements for drug and alcohol testing.
  • Arrangements for rehabilitation and treatment programmes for workers.
  • Disciplinary procedures for workers who refuse assistance, refuse to be tested or fail a test.
  • Provision of information, instruction and training to workers, supervisors and managers.
25
Q

Give some particular hazards that relate to slips, trips and falls on the same level?

A
  • Wet, greasy or muddy surfaces (oil, water, cleaning liquids spilt or fallen from scaffolding).
  • Outdoor surfaces made hazardous by rain, snow, hail or ice, leaves, etc.
  • Uneven or loose surfaces.
  • Obstacles on the surface (building materials, etc).
26
Q

Identify some hazards to pedestrians?

A
  • Slips, trips and falls on the same level.
  • Falls from height.
  • Collisions with moving vehicles.
  • Striking by moving, flying or falling objects.
  • Striking against fixed or stationary objects.
  • Treading on sharp items.
27
Q

Identify some construction activities which cause hazards to the general public?

A
  • Site access/egress points….vehicles coming and going.
  • Waste skips placed in the road or street.
  • Penetration of site boundary fences by materials.
  • Trailing cables from plant and equipment.
  • Excavations.
  • Off-site parking, with loading and unloading.
  • Narrowing of carriageways to carry out work.
  • Erection of scaffolding or other access equipment on the road or street.
  • Falling objects from overhead work.
  • Closure of roads and footpaths to carry out temporary/short term work.
  • Closure and re-routing of roads and footpaths.
  • Traffic disturbance and delays due to roadworks.
  • The creation of dust from construction activities.
  • The creation of noise and vibration from plant and equipment.
28
Q

List some conditions and environments in which hazards may arise?

A
  • Lighting levels.
  • Heat and Cold.
  • Noise.
  • Air quality.
29
Q

What are the 4 main types of safety sign?

A
  • Prohibition (Red/White).
  • Warning (Yellow/Black).
  • Mandatory Action (Blue/White).
  • Safe Condition (Green/White).
30
Q

List some control measures to ensure safe access/egress at doorways?

A
  • One way systems through double doors at busy areas (canteens, schools, hospitals).
  • Automatic doors or soft doors which can be easily pushed open when carrying or pushing loads.
  • Hazard signals and warning lights on the doors themselves and in surrounding areas.
  • Viewing panels(shatter proof/strengthened material).
31
Q

Identify some control measures to protect the public when conducting construction activity on the public highways?

A
  • Speed limits.
  • Alternative footpaths (minimum 1 metre wide).
  • Suitable guarding/barriers/cones.
  • Adequate lighting.
  • Flashing warning lights.
  • Signage for pedestrians.
  • Traffic control and its management.
  • Passing points.
  • Pedestrian only zones (safety zones).
32
Q

List the factors to consider when carrying out an initial site assessment?

A
  • The previous and current use of the land.
  • The history of the site.
  • Area of site: Restrictions.
  • Topography and Ground Conditions.
  • Other activities on site.
  • The proximity and features of the surroundings.
  • Means of access.
  • The presence of overhead or buried services.

NEBOSH Construction Certificate (13 decks)

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